President Nixon A Speech By President Of The President

A Speech by the President for the President Danica Adoc California State University, Bakersfield A Speech by the President for the President A speech is often used to deliver information to an audience. However, whether a speech is effective or not depends on the use rhetoric, or the ability to use language in a persuasive way. A desirable use of rhetoric tends to increase the credibility of the speaker while poor rhetoric sets the speaker in a questionable position by the audience. The latter can be demonstrated in the resignation speech of Richard Nixon, which, rather than shock the American people, actually fulfilled their expectations of his departure from the presidency. Richard Nixon was elected as the 37th President of the United States, serving two terms between 1969 and 1974 (â€Å"Biography†, 2016). At the time of the speech, Nixon was facing loss of public support and impeachment over his attempts to conceal any illegal activities involving him and his administration in the Watergate Scandal (â€Å"Biography†, 2016). Rather than face impeachment, Nixon d ecided to resign and issued a public announcement of his resignation to the American people. Ultimately, he intended to leave the presidency by preserving his reputation as much as he could and focusing on his achievements and legacy. In his speech, Nixon (1974) stated, â€Å"I shall resign from the presidency† (para. 8) and that Vice President Ford will replace him as the new President. He thanked thoseShow MoreRelatedPresident Richard Nixon s Speech850 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasion I strongly believe that Nixon s speech should be included in the argument chapter of the next edition of 40 model essay. On November 3, 1969, President Richard Nixon gave a televised address to the nation on his Vietnam War policy called â€Å"Vietnamization†. The speech, which Richard Nixon wrote himself, was given in response to a protest against the Vietnam War in cities across the nation. During his successful campaign for the presidency in 1968, Richard Nixon promised he had a secret planRead MoreEssay on The Watergate Scandal1270 Words   |  6 PagesStates president Richard Nixon re election campaign, and they were caught trying to wiretap the phones. The robbers who tried to wiretap the phones were not successful. more robbers broke into the Watergate building with a new microphone, but a guard noticed that they broke the locks on the doors. 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The burglars,Read MoreRichard Milhous Nixon, 37Th President Of The United States,1505 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Richard Milhous Nixon, 37th president of the United States, was born January 9, 1913 in Yorba Linda, California. Nixon was one of the most controversial politicians. He used the communist scare of the late forties and early fifties to catapult his career, but as president he eased tension with the Soviet Union and opened relations with Red China. He was president during the civil rights movement and the Vietnam War. Nixon gained valuable experience in international affairs as a new member ofRead MoreTaking a Look at the Watergate Scandal839 Words   |  3 Pageswith the arrest of five men for breaking and entering in the DNC in the Watergate building in Washington D.C. Around this time, President Richard Nixon was running for a re-election, Nixon had a dynamic presidential campaign and advisers, and they were a part of a big political scandal. In May 1972, member of the Nixon’s movement CREEP (Committee to Re-Elect the President) had gone into the DNC Watergate head office and stole disclosed records and tapped the telephones. The monitors did not puzzle

Gap Inc Financial Statement Analysis LR - 1493 Words

Financial Statement Analysis for Gap Inc. Company Background Gap Inc. is a leading global apparel retail company offering apparel, accessories, and personal care products for men, women, and children under the Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, Piperlime, Athleta, and Intermix brands. Having distinct brands across multiple channels and countries allows Gap Inc. a strong competitive advantage. The company currently has 375 stores in 41 countries. Products are also online through Company-owned websites. Merchandise is purchased from more than 1,000 vendors having factories in approximately 40 countries. No vendor accounted for more than 5 percent of total purchases in 2013 and approximately 98 percent of purchases are from outside the United†¦show more content†¦The next set of ratios evaluate solvency, which is the company’s ability to meet its long-term obligations. The first ratio, times interest earned, represents a margin of protections for creditors. Gap Inc. generated $35.23 in income for each $1 of interest expense, which increased quite substantially from 2011 and 2012. The next ratio to evaluate for Gap Inc. is the debt-to-equity ratio, which decreased from 1.69 in 2011 to 1.56 in 2013. This tells us that Gap Inc. has $1.69 in liabilities for every $1 in stockholders’ equity. Gap Inc. v. J. Crew Group One of Gap Inc.’s biggest competitors is J. Crew Group because they have similar branding strategies and product offerings. J. Crew Group is an internationally recognized brand that offers apparel and accessories and differentiates itself through high standards of quality, style, design, and fabrics. The company operates stores and websites both domestically and internationally, and designs, sells, and markets products under the J. Crew, Crewcuts, and Madewell brands. Their customer base includes people who are affluent, college-educated, professional, and fashion conscious. 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Case of E-Commerce Movement ebay-Free-Samples-Myassignementhelp

Question: Conduct a literature search on the reasons why incumbents are often beaten by challengers in business. Your team can take some examples of incumbents and challengers while writing the report. Answer: Introduction Incumbent is an individual who is answerable to all the activities at the workplace. They are basically the leaders in the market place and have huge market shares. It focuses on changing the environment by bringing better services. For example the producer of eBay that is an incumbent and Amazon is considered as challenger. It is an intermediate between the association of business and materials. If the supplier is currently in use than it is considered as incumbent as it is holding some place in the association. If some new supplier overtakes the duties of old supplier, then new supplier is termed as challenger and the old supplier is termed as incumbency (Antonelli, 2014). Apart from that there are many situations in which challenger beats incumbents. Challengers in the market are those who are providing same as mine. Incumbents are left overlooked but it is necessary to defend an incumbency by showcasing the performance. They set an aggressive target price and re-compute the price whenever new opportunity arises in the market. This report helps in knowing how altered version replaces the old methods (Vargo, Wieland Akaka, 2015). Other than that Disruptive technology is used to change the way in which entire business operates, it helps a small company to establish a larger organisations. Incumbents are beaten by challengers as the challengers tries to focus the market by maintain a good position in a short period of time. Incumbents dig the large sags to come next in the market but it is difficult for the incumbents to stand out in the market (Green-Pedersen, Mortensen Thesen, 2017). Incumbents have a lot of advantage as there name in the market, increased funds but it can be done by defining what an opponents is serving, what are the drawbacks and then defining an agenda to beat the challenger (Karthikeyan Jonsson, 2016). Literature Review Considering the case of Amazon and eBay, Amazon is an American company and is owner of the largest Internet retailer till date. It was started by selling the books online which was expanded to selling of video, audio, softwares, toys and jewelry etc. Amazon use the strategy of recording customers behavior so that offers or bonus could be provided to an individual accordingly (Haucap Heimeshoff, 2014). This also increases the value in the market. Whereas eBay sells the product to website only, its sales depend on the online auction of products only. This has various limitations as it charge fees from sellers to showcase their products on the website. Thus eBay has been beaten by Amazon in the market. It is true that incumbents beat challengers as they start planning at early stage, even though they have not beaten the challenger. They focus on what an opponent is doing in the market so that they plan accordingly to increase the budget and has a big spender. Thus research is a major s tage for challengers to beat incumbents. Similarly, Amazon has offered better job policies in the markets thus allowing the seller to showcase their products via amazon rather than eBay (Le-Nguyen Guo, 2016). In the views of (Syed Sudhakar, 2017), Amazon has built trust in the market while eBay had some trust issues like they were caught while selling fake goods, because of this reason there traffic have decreased. Plus Amazon has provided a good user experience as they reach out to customers rather than waiting that customers reach out to them. Amazon has created a user friendly platform that is providing easy access to products and serving trustworthy products to the customer. In the literature search, opinions (Bakshi, 2015) stated the reasons why incumbents i.e. eBay is beaten by the challengers i.e. Amazon. Thus Amazon has beaten eBay in the market and is one of the leading online retail in the world, has gained attention in the customer sector. The secret for Amazon success is they it focused on the ways to provide services to customers in low price and also focused on increasing the service by reducing the delivery time and serving best quality products, which was a drawback of eBay as they had a large delivery time. Amazon has crashed the market of eBay in terms of customer satisfaction, as Amazon is the first platform for buying products online. Researched on the eBay services, Amazon redesigned the plan to come ahead of eBay, in terms of rating 62% of clients choose Amazon wherein for eBay its just 12%. The best selection options are available on Amazon whereas eBay has lesser number of products that it why 79% choose Amazon, while eBay is the pref erred choice for 9% of respondents. eBay does not offer any terms of convenience to customers such as extra benefits but Amazon leads the survey in terms of convenience as it allows customers to choose the online retail juggernaut. The goal for challenger is defining the agenda by looking at the incumbent; the goal of beating incumbent is easy if challengers are well prepared. According to the opinion of (AlSheikh, Shaalan Meziane, 2017), eBay had the chances to survive and grow in the market but it took the wrong direction and was beaten by Amazon. EBay did not adapt to the changes in demands of customers and lacked in trust issues. Amazon used this drawback of EBay and planned the strategy to focus on selling products in low price but making sure that better services are offered to the customers. As for the case of eBay, the problem was not that it had lack of ideas; rather it made the wrong choices and failed to adapt itself with the changing market conditions (MitSloan, 2017) eBay was not able to cope up with the competition since it only excelled in selling the products to the retailers who promises to resell the good to customers having the features was somewhere a limitation in the market. Amazon worked on this and allowed to sell the products to a wide range of customers. Amazon made the work easier for seller as it writes all the description of the product to be sold, in case of eBay the customers need to manually describe the product. eBay failed to grasp more customers and continued to manufacture the same products which it was manufacturing earlier without any new innovations for offers for the user. EBay lacked in its features as no new innovative products where coming in the market (Pattie, Hartman Johnston, 2017). The reason behind its failure was Amazon who offered fast services to customers, as the services of Amazon where highly automated. Since, it requires less amount of time to perform basis tasks. On the other hand, most of the features of eBay are not automated because of which seller found it difficult to even track the item. According to (Erikson, 2016), eBay was slow in reacting to market changes. Earlier, people were comfortable using eBay which were easier to handle but eventually due to the emergence of Amazon who offered services in a better way market of eBay had fallen. Also eBay charges for selling their products on monthly basis where Amazon presented a better way to seller by charging the seller only when they actually make the sell. The possible customer base for Amazon is much higher than that of eBay. As amazon keeps on innovating new ideas and offers for clients like Amazon has rapidlyprolonged its services like discovering itsrolloutofAmazon Prime. Thus innovating new ideas is the major concern of getting more customers to the business and helps in growing rather than being sable. eBay is strictly a marketplace platform for users to conduct business but not for retailer, thus retailer need to search some other platforms. Amazon was in the phase to challenge the incumbents thus it offered a platform for both a marketplace and retailer. Amazon also offered new creative services like it has options for huge fulfilment of business, handling the fulfilment for every merchant on the site. Thus eBay lacked somewhere in the innovation thus Amazon launched AWS, it is a digital publishing division for selling their movie-streaming division, audio, books etc. to the user. In the views of (Willandia, et. al, 2017), Amazon is responsible for all the items sold to the customers so that issue of trust is resolved where in case of eBay dont own any products as it is auction site. Thus the quality of good are degraded which leads to customer dissatisfaction. It is true that there are chances of being scammed on eBay but Amazon worked on this a resolved the problem, gathering more customers. Amazon offered many reasons to customers to choose amazon over eBay as it makes shopping easier and offer a very easy interface to user. Also eBay is a time consuming process because seller need to wait until the auction is over thus it could not be used on regular basis for this amazon offered fast and easy services to customers. And it is considered as more appropriate for customers who repeat buying of products on regular basis According to the (Pepper Alves, 2017), incumbents are crushed by the new innovators and they eventually fail in the market. EBay failed in th e market due to various roadblocks which were solved by Amazon. EBay lost the customers interest as it has a very poor feedback facility and users could not offer a good experience. For this Amazon adopted a method to serve customers with good services and offer a great buying experiencing so that they can rely over amazon for a longer run. When Amazon came in the marketplace, eBay somewhere dismissed from the competition and didnt provide any new products to the users. On the other hand Amazon kept on inventing new products in huge quantity and selling the products in a lower cut of prices gathered new customers. Thus the way to beat incumbents is cut the price of product and offer more options to the customers. Also as eBay is an auction website it failed in the market due to poor auction description and using old products. Amazon worked on this and asked user to sit free and completed the product description by itself. In the perception of (Clarke, Chelliah Pattinson, 2018), eBay is beaten by Amazon, as eBay operates as a third party who needs to connect to the sellers for purchasers. Henceforth there is no inventory section of their own so there were various issues in the quality of goods as it just connected to buyers from sell. Amazon solved the issue of quality as it sells the products of every kind but ensuring that quality is met. Conclusion It can be concluded that incumbents are often beaten by challengers in the market. In case of e-commerce movement eBay was beaten by Amazon as it gained momentum in the market by embracing more customers by offering them more benefits. Both eBay and amazon stand out in the market, but amazon majorly provided the goods directly to the customers rather than using third party. Also challengers look for drawbacks of incumbents so that services could be offered to the customers to grow in the market. Better trust means better sale thus eBay lacked in the trust issues and lost friction of purchase from the buyers. Amazon offered a better buying experience got boomed in the market. Thus these shortcomings are the major reason why incumbents are beaten by the challengers. References AlSheikh, S. S., Shaalan, K., Meziane, F. (2017, October). Consumers' trust and popularity of negative posts in social media: A case study on the integration between B2C and C2C business models. InBehavioral, Economic, Socio-cultural Computing (BESC), 2017 International Conference on(pp. 1-6). IEEE. Antonelli, C. (2014).The economics of innovation, new technologies and structural change. Routledge. Bakshi, R. (2015). A Comparison Between User Interface Design for Different Kinds of Mobile Applications.IJEECSE. Special Issue-TeLMISR, 91-96. Clarke, T., Chelliah, J., Pattinson, E. (2018). National Innovation Systems in the Asia Pacific: A Comparative Analysis. InInnovation in the Asia Pacific(pp. 119-143). Springer, Singapore. Erikson, R. S. (2016). The Congressional Incumbency Advantage over Sixty Years.Governing in a Polarized Age: Elections, Parties, and Political Representation in America, 65. Green-Pedersen, C., Mortensen, P. B., Thesen, G. (2017). The incumbency bonus revisited: Causes and consequences of media dominance.British Journal of Political Science,47(1), 131-148. Haucap, J., Heimeshoff, U. (2014). Google, Facebook, Amazon, eBay: Is the Internet driving competition or market monopolization?.International Economics and Economic Policy,11(1-2), 49-61. Karthikeyan, S., Jonsson, S. (2016, January). Competitive Dynamics of Incumbents and Challengers in British Electoral Competition, 1955-2005. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2016, No. 1, p. 17051). Academy of Management. Le-Nguyen, K., Guo, Y. (2016). Choosing e-commerce strategies: a case study of eBay. vn partnership.Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases,6(1), 1-14. MitSloan, (2017), How Amazon beat eBay [online], Available at https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/how-amazon-beat-ebay/, Accessed on 20 March. Pattie, C., Hartman, T., Johnston, R. (2017). Incumbent parties, incumbent MPs and the effectiveness of constituency campaigns: evidence from the 2015 UK general election.The British Journal of Politics and International Relations,19(4), 824-841. Pepper, L. G., Alves, L. D. F. N. (2017). Small-scale Aa in the global market: adding value to ensure sustained income for forest farmers in the Amazon Estuary. InIntegrating Landscapes: Agroforestry for Biodiversity Conservation and Food Sovereignty(pp. 211-234). Springer, Cham. Syed, H., Sudhakar, K. F. (2017). Exploring How Gender and Age Influences Online Shopping behavior making a Comparison Between two Online Sellers in India. Vargo, S. L., Wieland, H., Akaka, M. A. (2015). Innovation through institutionalization: A service ecosystems perspective.Industrial Marketing Management,44, 63-72. Willandia, A., David, S., Martha, C., Kathryn, E. (2017). Market access and wild meat consumption in the central Amazon, Brazil.Biological conservation.

What Can Money Buy Essays - A Raisin In The Sun, Lorraine Hansberry

What Can Money Buy annon Imagine for a moment it is your big sisters 17th birthday. She is out with her friends celebrating, and your parents are at the mall with your little brother doing some last minute birthday shopping, leaving you home alone. You then hear a knock on th e front door. When you get there, nobody is there, just an anonymous note taped to the door that says Happy Birthday, along with a hundred dollar bill. Youve been dying to get that new video game, and your sister will never know. You are faced with a tough decision, but not a very uncommon one. In both Fences, by August Wilson, and A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansbury, tough decisions have to be made about getting money from someone elses misfortune. But moneys that important right? The role of money in peoples day-to-day lives is quite amazing when its put into perspective. The primary reason most Americans get up in the morning is so they can go out and make money. Money buys things; money influences people; money keeps us ali ve; money makes us happy. Or does it? In Fences, by August Wilson, the Maxtons get their money when Gabes head is shot in the war. In A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansbury, the Younger family gets their money when Walters father dies. But do the se things make them happy? Of course not. They are coming upon money from someone elses misfortune, someone they love. The money may have made life easier for a brief moment in time, but the novelty soon wears off and reality soon returns. The interesting thing about these two novels is that the money received by both the Maxtons and the Youngers did exactly the opposite of what everyone expected it to do. It eventually made problems for both of the families. In Fences, the Maxtons used Gabes money to buy a house and even though it seemed like a good idea, when Gabe moved out, it caused a great deal of guilt in the family, but especially in Troy. He just couldnt get over how he used someone he loved so much, and they didnt even kn ow it. In A Raisin in the Sun, the Youngers also buy a house with the money the life insurance gave them. But their problem are caused not by guilt, but by two entirely different emotions. One is the feeling of being the object of racism in their new c ommunity when the Welcoming Committee tries to get them not to move in. The other one is the combination of defeat, loss, anger, and self-pity felt by the whole family when Walter loses the rest of the money and the Younger family is left with nothing but a house in a neighborhood where they arent wanted. And money is a good thing? Answering that question is a simple one. Yes, money is a good thing when it is dealt with in the right way. Both the Maxtons and the Youngers had trouble in how they handled their money and that led to many of the problems they both faced. Money is wh at makes the world go round in our modern society, but its not a way to measure success, love, or happiness. As Bob Dylan put it, Whats money? A man is a success if he gets up in the morning and goes to bed at night and in-between does what he want s to do. All money really is, is a way to buy material things. Sure, its important, but not close to how important the people we love are. They are where real happiness comes from, not from little green pieces of paper. Happiness is not having what you want, its wanting what you have.

UNDERSTANDING OF IDEAS, CHARACTERS AND THEMES- Tra Essays

UNDERSTANDING OF IDEAS, CHARACTERS AND THEMES- Tra Essays UNDERSTANDING OF IDEAS, CHARACTERS AND THEMES- Track the development of characters rather than arguing that they are one-dimensional and fixed throughout the play. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth were not always evil. They changed evolved in the response to the circumstances throughout the play. - How did the characters evolve - Macbeth - initially valorous, brave and loyal, later excessively ambitious, filled with self-doubt, ruthless. - Lady Macbeth - initially calm and decisive, later excessively ambitious, deceptive, manipulative, unstable. - Compare and contrast characters Macbeth - compare to: - King Duncan: who was a wise, virtuous, respected king, Macbeth thought he was too soft. - Banquo: who was a reasonable and rational when he received the prophecies but he was also flawed because he did not publicly voice his suspicions of Macbeth, perhaps comfortable in the knowledge that he would father a lineage of kings. - Malcolm: Provided the asses sment of Macbeth being a dead butcher' but this is framed within the context of Macbeth having murdered Malcolm's father. Lady Macbeth - compare to: - The Witches: These female characters are connected in that they are all manipulative and deceptive. They also call on evil spirits in times of need. Lady Macbeth "come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts" and the witches take guidance from Hecate. Also using the same line "Glamis thou art and cowdor and shalt be" - Lady Macduff: Who was homely, motherly and loyal to family, she also critisised her own husband who she thought was committed treason. - Use characters to discuss themes and ideas: Macbeth - The difference between kingship and tyranny, and the corrupting power of unchecked ambition. Lady Macbeth - Females as manipulative, deceptive and tempting (females weapons) ANALYSIS OF HOW AND WHY THE AUTHOR CONSTRUCTS MEANING- You need to display an understanding of the literary devices that Shakespeare used and the effect that these have on the construction of meaning within the play. Refer to the following motifs and symbols. - Description of the Setting: The barren heath was misty, dark and eerie which represents the supernatural aspect of the play. The wild storms and great tremors represented the violations of the natural order. - Equivocations were used to tempt, confuse, manipulate and deceive characters into expressing their latent destructive qualities. - Blood - guilt and remorse- Animals - unnatural behavior represented the violations of the natural order.- Clothing - lil-fitting positions and improperly gained statuses. - Consider the context of Jacobian England - The gunpower plot and the assassination attempt King James. Shakespeare was a "King's Man" and was providing a warning to the general populace of the dangers of regicide. INTERPRETATION OF THE TEXT IN RESPONDING TO THE QUESTION - Clearly state the topic at the very beginning of the essay.- Identify the key words in the topic and perceptively explore the possible discussion points.- Write a distinct topic sentence in the introduction for each of the separate argument that you will use to support your overall contention.- Each paragraph must support the overall contention. (you can write a good paragraph, but if it does not address the topic then it is irrelevant) INTERPRETATION An interpretation is a particular and specific understanding of a text. This implies that there are multiple possible interpretations of Macbeth. Mention an alternative to contrast with your suggested understanding. Eg. "It can be argued that the female characters were responsible for Macbeth's downfall, however Macbeth was both aware of, and responsible for his actions and their consequences when he said "O horror, horror, horror!" (Act 2, Scene 3, line 59) when he killed King Duncan. He clearly knew what he was doing. USE OF APPROPRAITE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE AND RELEVANT METALANGUAGE- Use at least one major quote per paragraph, but don't limit yourself to that. Try not to use more than 2 or 3 lines from the play per quote. - The quote must support your discussion, or in other words be appropriate - Embed the quote within your sentence rather than write, "This quote shows" - this is sloppy and clunky language. - When using specific or individual words from the play, claim them as quotes. For example: "instruments of darkness" - Metalanguage - use terms such

Cmo tramitar excelente visa TN para mexicanos

Cmo tramitar excelente visa TN para mexicanos La tramitacià ³n de la visa TN para profesionales mexicanos para trabajar en Estados Unidos, al amparo del Tratado de Libre Comercio (NAFTA) es una gran oportunidad para obtener una visa de trabajo. Esta visa TN solo aplica a nacionales mexicanos y canadienses, si bien la tramitacià ³n es ms asequible y fcil para estos à ºltimos. Y eso es asà ­ porque los mexicanos deben seguir ms pasos y su cuota por aplicar por la visa es ms cara que la que deben abonar los canadienses.  ¿Pueden aplicar todos los mexicanos por una visa TN para trabajar en Estados Unidos? La respuesta es un rotundo no.  Esta visa TN es una opcià ³n muy buena pero para calificar para  solicitarla es imprescindible cumplir con los siguientes requisitos: En primer lugar, estar en situacià ³n de acreditar que se es un profesionalista incluido en una de  estas 60 profesiones listadas en el TLC .En otras palabras, si no se trabaja en una de esas actividades, esta visa no es la correcta y si se solicita ser denegada. En segundo lugar, es imprescindible tener una oferta laboral de una empresa de los Estados Unidos. Es decir, primero viene la oferta seria y en firme y luego se solicita la visa la visa TN. Este punto tambià ©n quiere decir que no es posible el auto empleo. Es decir, no se puede solicitar la visa con la intencià ³n de trabajar como freelance en Estados Unidos para una o varias empresas o con la de crear una empresa. Los mexicanos que no cumplen con esos requisitos y que desean trabajar en Estados Unidos deberà ­an informarse si pueden aplicar por otras opciones de visa, como la H-1B para profesionales, la O para personas con habilidades extraordinarias, la L para los casos de transfer entre empresas internacionales, las J-1 de intercambio o las H-2A y H-2B para trabajos temporales agrà ­colas y en otros rubros. Cà ³mo tramitar la visa TN para mexicanos Una vez que se tiene la oferta de trabajo por parte de una empresa en Estados Unidos, el primer paso en completar la forma DS-160 en internet, pagar los aranceles correspondientes,  y solicitar una cita en una oficina consular o en la Embajada para la entrevista.   Para presentarse en la misma hay que llevar, entre otros documentos, la siguiente documentacià ³n: En primer lugar, el pasaporte mexicano vlido por al menos seis meses ms all del fin de la estancia prevista en Estados Unidos. En segundo lugar, la  carta de empleo en la que se detalla que la posicià ³n ofertada necesita ser cubierta por una persona que cumple los requisitos seà ±alados en NAFTA. Adems, deber incluir informacià ³n detallada sobre la actividad profesional a realizar en EEUU, la duracià ³n prevista del contrato, cul serà ­a la compensacià ³n econà ³mica, evidencia de que se cumple con los requisitos fijados por el Departamento de Seguridad Interna (DHS, siglas en inglà ©s) y el estado en el que se va a ir a trabajar. La carta no necesita ir acompaà ±ada por prueba de que el solicitante tiene las licencias profesionales necesarias para trabajar en EEUU para ciertos tipos de empleos, ya que tales certificaciones se pueden conseguir a posteriori. Sin embargo, es altamente recomendable que si ya se cuenta con ellas, presentarlas en ese momento. Esta carta es una parte fundamental para que se conceda la visa, por lo que es muy frecuente recurrir a un abogado con conocimientos sobre estas visas para que se ocupe de su redaccià ³n. Finalmente, se debe aportar prueba que demuestre  que se cumplen con los requisitos de estudios o de experiencia laboral que pide NAFTA para este tipo de visas. Este es un requisito importante ya que el oficial consular quiere asegurarse de que los estudios completados en un paà ­s que no es Estados Unidos reà ºnen los requisitos de calidad que se piden para la visa TN, por los que ser necesario validarlos en una agencia reputada. La visa ser denegada si no se cumplen las condiciones que se pide para la visa o si el solicitante es considerado como inelegible para una visa no inmigrante, como es à ©sta, o si es inadmisible para ingresar a los Estados unidos. Familiares del solicitante de una visa TN El cà ³nyuge (marido o mujer) y los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os pueden solicitar una visa derivada para acompaà ±ar al titular de un visado TN a Estados Unidos. No es necesario que los familiares sean de nacionalidad mexicana. Y hay que tener en cuenta que aunque pueden vivir y estudiar en Estados Unidos no estn autorizados para trabajar. Tiempo de duracià ³n de una visa TN para mexicanos En principio las visas son vlidas por un mximo de tres aà ±os, pero esto lo hay que entender.  Es decir, hay que mirar el tiempo mximo que concede el oficial migratorio en el puerto de entrada y seguir cumpliendo todos los requisitos que dieron lugar a que se aprobara la visa. Adems, se puede pedir una extensià ³n de dos formas: que el empleador americano la solicite al USCIS rellenando el formulario I-129   o que el propio titular la solicite en un puerto de entrada cumplimentando esa misma forma y proporcionando la misma documentacià ³n que tuvo que mostrar en el consulado la primera vez que solicità ³ la visa y le fue concedida. En el caso de familiares con visa derivada como es el caso del cà ³nyuge o de los hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, la extensià ³n se pide con el formulario I-539 si estn en los Estados Unidos o aplicando de nuevo en un consulado, si estn fuera. Visas TN y enfermeras Estados Unidos tiene un dà ©ficit de profesionales sanitarios y, en particular, de enfermeras. Por ello, son frecuentes los contratos a profesionales extranjeros. De hecho, hay  agencias que se dedican a reclutar enfermeras, muchas de ellas mexicanas a travà ©s de la visa TN.   Lo importante es asegurarse de que se trata de una agencia reputada y evitar ser và ­ctima de un caso de fraude.

The media and American politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

The media and American politics - Essay Example US media has been often criticised as being manipulated by the government and ends up serving biased and distorted news to the general people. My article will examine the role of the US media in the political scenario, in the context of the 2000/2004 elections, and will examine to find out as to whether the media does really have a slant/bias, and whether it really acts as a propaganda vehicle for the political party in power. The Media and American politics 1 Introduction â€Å"Balanced coverage [is what] plagues American journalism and ...leads to utterly spineless reporting with no edge. The idea seems to be that journalists are allowed to go out to report, but when it comes time to write, we are expected to turn our brains off and repeat the spin from both sides..."Balanced" is not fair, it's just an easy way of avoiding real reporting...and shirking our responsibility to inform readers† (Ken Silverstein, 2008). ... esidential speeches, various TV ads, press meetings, or even through the normal routine daily news, which creates a form of ‘virtual reality’ for its viewers. Though the results, as have been observed in the various elections, are quite far from being virtual, and are indeed real and turning out to be critical too, for the political parties. In the context of conducting political campaigns, the magnitude and scale of the US elections in the recent years, is something which would have been unimaginable even 60 years back. These transformations in the political field can be to a large extent laid at the door of the media and press coverage of the political policies.. John Zaller summarily defines this slowly evolving new process in the arena of US media and politics as, â€Å"the attempt to govern on the basis of words and images that diffuse through the mass media† (2009, 389). There is no denying the fact that in this twenty first century modern world, the news me dia does indeed play a pivotal role in the functioning of the political regimes, and the shaping of a nation’s democracy. In a modern democratic country, the right to information forms a vital criterion for its citizens to assess the functioning of the political party in power, and to receive this information they rely on different various news distributing agents like the television, newspapers, amongst many others. This free access to the media for information related to the actions of the political leaders, in terms of various policies and legislations and their consequential aspects, are essential for the proper functioning of a democratic country. â€Å"It ensures that citizens make responsible, informed choices... [While] information serves a â€Å"checking function† by ensuring that elected

Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Innovation - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that innovation allows hospitality organizations to meet the dynamic needs of the customer. The hospitality is characterized by customers who have changing needs. People are looking for something different and exciting. Innovation allows hospitality organizations to come up with new and effective ways to meet the needs of these consumers. This helps in generation of revenue.This paper highlights that innovation increases efficiency, which means the cost of doing business goes down. This allows the organizations to charge competitive prices in a bid to attract and maintain customers. The price elasticity of demand in the industry is very elastic. A small change in price can lead to either losing or gaining many new customers. The hospitality industry is full of many different organizations that offer similar services. The stiff competition in the industry has led to the exit of many companies. The key to gaining a unique identity in the hospitality ind ustry is having a unique service delivery system. Innovation fosters service and product differentiation.  Innovation has driven organizations to consider frontline employees on multiple skills in a bid to support innovation. Employee training is one way of motivating the workforce because they feel the organization cares about them. This is bound to increase the quality of services and the overall experience of customers. The ultimate effect is additional revenue generation and the creation of a stellar reputation when it comes to quality service delivery.

Financial Analysts Questions Essay Example for Free

Financial Analysts Questions Essay Technical Questions 1. Can you explain quarterly forecasting, updating revenue and expense models? 2. What projects have you implemented these skills? 3. In conjunction with these projects how do you execute input of detailed plans and forecast into the financial systems? 4. Describe how you coordinate plan transfers. 5. Are you familiar with creating daily sales reports? 6. What processes do you use to create reports? 7. Have you created month-end sales reports? 8. Have these reports involved your knowledge of analysis concerning actual and planned revenues, balance sheets and expenses? 9. Can you describe the practices you use for analysis of financial and management reporting? 10. Do you have experience in annual planning processes? 11. What profitability models have you used for forecasting a project? 12. Are you familiar with developing business casing and ad hoc analysis? 13. How would you maintain these items during a project? 14. Have you ever worked on a budget for an expansion program? 15. What financial practices did you target for this project? Responsibility 1. How do you relate with program administrators and financial personnel? 2. Do you compile and share monthly data involving income, investment, sales forecasting, shipments and cash flow reports? 3. What long range plans have you implemented for the business area? 4. Are you accounting and knowledge of financial systems abilities used to corporate profit/loss reports? 5. Have you been responsible for maintaining a financial system database? 6. Have you ever prepared work force reviews? Technical Tasks Questions 1. What computer systems would you use to prepare illustrated technical reports using graphs, spreadsheets and draw charts? 2. What various securities in this industry are you familiar with and how would you compare and evaluate? 3. How do you Interpret data concerning investment programs? 4. Can you define price yields, stability economic influences, future trends and investment risks? 5. How do you achieve knowledge of developments in the fields of industrial technologies? 6. Can you relate some basic business, finance and economic theories? 7. What monitoring skills do possess involving economic, corporate and industrial developments? 8. What steps do you take when preparing plans of action for financial analysis? 9. Have you presented oral or written reports on entire industries, individual corporations or economic trends? 10. Can you describe some recommendations you have to companies or individuals concerning investment procedures? 11. How do you attract new corporate clients? * How has your degree prepared you for a career in Financial Analysis? * Tell me about a financial analysis you completed on a case in one of your classes? * Describe a previous situation where you have demonstrated your analytical skills. * What interests you most about a financial analyst position? * What quantitative courses have you completed? What were your grades in each of them? * How will you be able to handle working long hours and studying for the CPA exams at the same time? * How can India improve its competitiveness? * What stocks do you follow? Why? * What is a cash flow? * What is a present value analysis? * Describe at least three methods of valuing a company. * If you had a $1,000 investment that went down 40 percent and then up 20 percent, what would your investment be worth? * What is your opinion of derivative statements? * Describe EVA and how it can be used to determine the attractiveness of potential projects. * Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using EVA, NPV, discounted cash flows, and payback period as methods of determining the attractiveness of potential projects. * Explain activity-based costing. What are its pros and cons? * Explain marginal costing and standard costing. * Explain ratio analysis. * How does A/R and inventory fluctuations affect the income statement? * Walk me through a DCF analysis. * How do you get to EBITDA from revenues? * When you are given a large financial analysis project to do, what are the first things you do? * Describe a decision you had to make on your own regarding the credit risk of a new client. What was the outcome? * Tell me about a financial analysis decision you got wrong. What was the outcome? What did you learn from the experience? * Describe your level of experience with the software used in your position as a financial analyst. * What steps have you taken to improve your technical writing ability?

The Search for a Better Reality Essay -- Comparative, Kidd, Chrouch

The Search for a Better Reality Life is not easy. It is all about surviving the storms that you will eventually have to face. As a result, sometimes people feel overwhelmed, and they try to find ways that will allow them to break away from reality. In most cases, individuals resort to escape either because they want to be relieved from all of their responsibilities, or because they are trying to avoid facing unpleasant truths or painful situations. Everyone deals with tough circumstances in a different way. For example, some folks try to avoid problems and painful facts in their lives by drinking, or even doing drugs. They know that using these substances will not solve their problems, but it will buy them some time free of stress and troubles. In addition, other people attempt to find some kind of shelter, where they can feel safe and be happy even if it is doesn’t last long. Overall, these behaviors allow individuals to escape from everything that is too hurtful, or hard for them to deal with. Everyone at some point in their lives has felt the need to escape. Take, for example Sue Monk Kidd’s novel The Secret Life of Bees or Katie Crouch’s Men and Dogs. The Secret Life of Bees is about a young girl named Lily Owens, who searches for answers to her mother’s death, while Men and Dogs talks about a now grown woman named Hannah Legare that is looking for answers to her father’s disappearance. Both of these novels focus on characters that constantly try to get away from difficult situations, or even reality itself. Also, in these works of literature, the protagonists try to escape from the truth. Yet, in contrast, they both eventually realize that facing the facts is much more liberating than avoiding them. Thus, clearly th... ... everyone’s grief in her back, which made her life unbearable. Finally, June tries to avoid getting hurt and potentially losing her freedom by declining Neil’s marriage proposals. In the same manner, Hannah’s brother in Men and dogs tries to escape from dealing with his father’s death, and the fact that he was homosexual by doing drugs (pg. 91). In conclusion, the rhetors of both The Secret Life of bees and Men and Dogs provide multiple examples of the elaborate escape mechanisms that were employed by the characters in these narratives. Through these examples, they show that avoiding problems and hurtful situations only makes people’s lives more miserable. Thus, Sue Monk Kidd and Katie Crouch want individuals to realize that accepting the truth, no matter how bitter it might be, is the only thing that will allow them to move on with their lives, and be happy.

News Channels Essay

With India’s growing importance in international strategic and economic thinking, news about the country is becoming more critical to the world. India alone accounts for over a billion of South Asia’s 1.3 billion people. The sheer mass creates news. Changes in the global balance of power, India’s economic rise, and South Asia’s continuing political and social ferment, are attracting worldwide attention. In addition, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives are on the global radar for their political developments, social upheavals, festering insurgencies, military actions and environmental challenges. Why IANS? The Indo-Asian News Service (IANS) was established in 1986, initially to serve as an information bridge between India and its thriving diaspora in North America. Today it is a full-fledged, 24 by 7 agencies putting out the real-time news from India, South Asia and news of interest to this region around the world. IANS serves several hundred outlets across the entire media spectrum, in India and around the world. It performs a whole range of other information services as well. Experienced media professionals drive the New Delhi-based group. IANS is divided into six Strategic Business Units (SBUs): IANS English, IANS Hindi, IANS Publishing, IANS Business Consultancy, IANS Solutions, and IANS Mobile. A distinguished professional with strong domain expertise heads each. Its client list includes a range of print publications, television news channels, websites, ethnic publications abroad, government ministries, foreign missions, private sector players, and multilateral institutions. The explosive growth of the Indian media sector, especially audio-visual and new media, augurs well for reliable, independent and professional news  wholesalers like IANS. News Service The News Service, in both English and Hindi, forms the heart of the IANS operation. It presents objective, user-friendly news with a global perspective. This makes it the preferred, content provider and knowledge resource on India, Indians and South Asia. IANS breaks through often cliched and stereotyped reporting about this part of the world. Its talented team of journalists and contributors – some of the best in India – produces a steady output of diverse, well-researched news and backgrounders, features, interviews, analyses and commentaries. Subjects span politics, foreign policy, strategic affairs, corporate affairs, science, and health. Aviation, energy, technology, environment, the arts, literature, entertainment, social trends, human interest, religion and sports are also extensively covered. Given collaborations with several international news organizations, IANS is often used by media as a one-stop source of all news – both domestic and international. Industry, media circles and government departments depend on it. Officials use it for policy publicity and public diplomacy. It is also a content source for our other SBUs. In short, it is capable of meeting almost all information needs. (Website: www.ians.in) IANS Publishing IANS Publishing represents mature capabilities with top-end editorial, domain and delivery skills. It provides clients high quality, effective communications products at optimum cost. Publishing has been a key driver of IANS’ growth. Its strengths are: Editorial functions; Content management, including revision tracking and error elimination; Product creation, page making, design and production; Translation services; Products for Internet and new media. IANS Publishing has harnessed the latest communication and transmission technology to produce entire outsourced newspapers, periodicals and magazines. Clients are in the US, Canada, Britain and the Gulf, besides India. Publications are in English, Indian and foreign languages. (See www.ianspublishing.com) IANS Media Consultancy IANS provides comprehensive and integrated brand and media strategies for corporates and major institutions. Under this IANS undertakes to enhance public profiles of clients through a variety of activities. These include increased publicity of their activities and achievements through professionally written media releases; public relations activities; high-quality house journals and publications on a turnkey basis; and corporate brand identity manuals for easy identification and retention. IANS also creates or revamps websites and updates and maintains them. It is also in a position to write regular summaries/specialized papers on subjects of interest to clients that require high level contacts in industry and government. IANS Solutions IANS Solutions provides all the answers for developing an Internet strategy. It blends design, technology and marketing expertise to create a Web presence delivering outstanding results. Talented website designers collaborate with our technology group to create personalized, graphically superior, functionally sound websites. IANS Mobile IANS was one of the first news agencies to harness cellular technology to launch Content2Mobile operations on both the news and information fronts. This service is available in English and Hindi. IANS Language Services In 1995 IANS started a Hindi Service. Today it virtually operates around the clock, providing quality content in India’s most-understood language. Its subscriber base encompasses all leading Hindi newspapers, websites and other news outlets. In 1998 IANS broke new ground with the launch of an Arabic Service for the  Arab world. Its website – www.alhindelyom.com – helps bridge the information gap with an important region hosting a large Indian and South Asian population. IANS Corporate IANS is the brand name of IANS India Pvt. Ltd., an independent and integrated media company with no affiliation with any major business house, political or ideological group. The media group is driven by professionals with long years of experience and with a collective vision of carving a niche in quality of content and product in a media scenario that is getting increasingly crowded with new names entering the print, electronic and Web space. In many ways, IANS is a trailblazer in the work it is doing. The key people driving IANS are: Tarun Basu is the Chief Editor and Director of the Indo-Asian News Service (IANS), India’s only private and independent news agency and content provider on multimedia platforms. Basu is one of the founders of IANS. He formed the nucleus of IANS when he left a lucrative job as India correspondent of DPA, the German Press Agency, in the late eighties to set up the bureau for the well known India Abroad newspaper in New York – the first multiedition ethnic Indian newspaper in North America. That was the first attempt to begin a two-way information flow between India and the growing and influential Indian diaspora in North America. The seed sown at that time blossomed into the India Abroad News Service which, in a subsequent incarnation that gave it a pan-South Asian dimension, became Indo-Asian News Service, the present day IANS – the premier news service covering India, Indians and South Asia and events of interest to India and the 27 million Indian diaspora spread all over the world. Basu’s aim has been to make IANS an internationally known and respected news and content supplier on both traditional and new media platforms, an information resource on India and South Asia and things of interest to India and Indians worldwide. Today, IANS is more than just a news agency – its a publishing outsource, a multimedia content provider with auxiliary services catering to  growth sectors like education and entertainment, besides being a communication consultant to institutions and companies. Basu has travelled all over the world and has been a regular invitee on the Indian prime minister’s and president’s media delegations in visits to other countries for the past 15 years. He has covered major news developments and international events involving India and South Asia. He has been a special invitee to the World News Agency Summit in Spain, the World Media Summit in China, the Beijing Olympic Games and the World Cup Football in South Africa. Basu also founded the International Media Institute of India, a multimedia training school that conducts media literacy and communication workshops for educational, research and other institutions. K.P.K. Kutty, Director and Chief Mentor, is former chief editor and chief executive of UNI and has been in the profession for 42 years. He has been involved in production of TV news programmes and documentaries too. Shibi Alex Chandy, Director is also Group Editor in charge of its contract publishing division. He has worked with several leading newspapers, television stations and magazines. Arvind Padmanabhan, Group Business Editor, has over 13 years of experience in journalism, covering virtually all media streams – news agency, newspaper, magazine, radio, television and the internet. M.R. Narayan Swamy, Chief News Editor, has been a journalist since 1978, starting with UNI. He was with AFP for 13 years, writing on Indian politics and Sri Lankan affairs. He joined IANS in April 2001. P.S. Mitra, Technology Head, is the man who keeps IANS’ extensive network ticking over. He also oversees IANS Solutions, the company’s web Solutions division.

Client Paper Essay

In society today, there are numerous issues facing human services clients. Homelessness, services having their funding cut, and the association of stigmatization that one might receive while accepting services are just a few issues. Many of those who face these issues may always face substance abuse issues or may be in domestic violence situations. Due to the additional factors, clients may not feel as though they deserve to receive help, and therefore may not seek out the needed help to get their life back on track. One of the largest problems facing society today is substance abuse. The individuals that face this issue are able to receive services from several agencies, whether they need medical health care, mental health care, or drug or alcohol rehabilitation services. They are also able to receive services in all three areas if the individual requests it. (Samet, Friendmann, & Saitz, 2011). While seeking these services, some individual may face the burden of not having health insurance, lack of funds and transportation, or providers may lack the ability to make the best referrals for the individuals. For instance, if a man with a history of methamphetamine abuse who has been incarcerated is released from prison, he may not have family nearby that can house him, may have no where to turn if there is no agency that can take him and house him. In his case, he will need to secure treatment in an inpatient substance abuse program that will be aggressive enough to help him with his addiction. This will help alleviate him being on  the street in search of food, water and shelter which is state in â€Å"Maslow’s Hierarch of Needs† (Woodside, 2011). In recent studies, it has been shown that approximately two thirds of homeless adults would meet the criteria for substance dependency. An additional 20 percent of homeless persons meet the criteria for having severe mental illnesses. Many of these individuals have received dual diagnoses, suffering from substance abuse and also having a mental illness. (Krogel et. Al, 1999). Not only can these clients suffer from substance abuse and mental illness, there can be many other issues they face. Physical disabilities, homelessness, and health issues can be rampant among individuals. Different situations can be the cause of these issues, such as environmental influence or societal changes (Samet, Friedmann, & Saitz 2001). Traditionally, providers would only focus on the issues which are specific to their scope of practice, however, when treating the â€Å"whole client† it is important to remember these issues can go hand in hand. In order to treat one of the issues, a provider must look at how the client got to the point where they are. Treatment, then, would need to be from all models so it would be effective (Samet, Friedmann, & Saitz 2001). For this to take place appropriately, all providers would need to work together with effective and extensive to treat all aspects of issues the client is facing. If this is not executed correctly, the client cannot succeed and may fall through the cracks, or wind up in the same place they were in previously. For example, the gentleman discussed earlier that was incarcerated and has a substance abuse issue may suffer from a mental illness as well as a substance abuse issue. In this instance, a primary provider would need to find a provider who works with addictions, and a provider who works with mental health. Together, the three professionals would need to form a plan with the client and communicate with every party involved in order for the treatment to be effective. If the primary provider could not provide a professional for the substance abuse and a professional for the mental health, the client could easily fall back into old habits and lose all progress that may have been made. This could result in the client injuring himself or another person,  additional jail time, or even death. The gentleman in this example gives us a perfect example of where the treatment provider has been previously aware of issues concerning the client and is able to find the resources and agencies needed to make the community referrals. Unfortunately, there is a commonality that each treatment provider is faced with a client that only has one single issue. However, in this example, the client has more than one issue ranging from substance abuse to mental illness to homelessness. The provider will then need to determine if the client will need additional assistance with other issues that may be outside our scope of practice. For example, if the provider is working in a substance abuse treatment program the primary focus is helping the client to stop using drugs and/ or alcohol. As the client is no longer supposed to use substances or drink, the client can no longer reside in an environment where substances and/or alcohol are being used; this can become a trigger for the client and risk t he client’s sobriety and recovery. This client is now homeless and will need assistance with housing. As the client continues in sobriety the treatment provider may notice that the client appears to be struggling with mental health issues that have not been previously diagnosed; this client will now need to be referred to a mental health provider for further evaluation and possible medication management. The provider has been made aware of these arising situations through communication and effective listening skills while interacting with the client in the group and individual therapy process. The provider will need to be aware of the client’s verbal and non-verbal cues as the clients’ affect may be incongruent with the current situation. The provider will also need to be aware of the client’s cultural issues as treatment may cause the client to have stigmatization within his or her family unit. The treatment provider will also have to work with resistant clients, clients who are over demanding, and clients that are unmotivated. Often times these clients have hidden issues that need to be uncovered and addressed in order to move forward in their recovery process. Working with these clients can be a difficult process however if the provider can find a way of working with these clients in non-traditional manners we will help to uncover these issues and move them forward in their recovery process. Working with  client’s who have substance abuse issues is a very challenging job that poses many challenges not only for the client, but also for the treatment provider. We have chosen to work in a field that is extremely broad and which spans across many scopes of practice. Our clients face a wide range of issues that can be ever changing. Our jobs as Human Services workers will be to help identify and treat these clients and their individual needs to improve the client’s level of functioning within the community and his or her family unit needs to provide the client with the best treatments and solutions. References Samet, J, MD, Friedman, P, MD, Saitz, R, MD (2001). Benefits of Linking Primary Medical Care and Substance Abuse Services: Patient, Provider, and Social Perspectives. http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article (Retrieved on 8 April 2013). Koegel, P, Ph.D, Sullivan, G, MD, Burnam, A, Ph.D, Morton, S, Ph.D, Wenzel, S, Ph.D. (1999). Utilization of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services Among Homeless Adults in Los Angeles. http://journals.lww.com/lww-medicalcare (Retrieved on 8 April 2013). Woodside, M. (2011). An Introduction to Human Services, 7e. www.ecampus.phoenix.edu (Retrieved on 7 April 2013).

Song Analysis Research Paper Example

Song Analysis Research Paper Example Song Analysis Paper Song Analysis Paper Creative artist’s basic objective in writing a musical piece is to express and communicate as well as convey certain thoughts, emotions, and states of being to his listeners. These thoughts, feelings, and emotions are results of the composer’s personal views about the world he lives in.   He expresses these feelings and emotions through the musical language that he knows with directness and powerful communicative ability no other art expression can ever give meaning to. The song â€Å"I Don’t Want To Be† by Gavin DeGraw is a song about a person who is unhappy and who desperately seeks attention, identity, as well as love and care from parents and friends. He is a person who’s tired of his life, a person who’s long been wanting peace of mind because all through out his life, he’s been searching and looking for the meaning of his existence. The person reflected in the song is a person who is suffering from despair, anxiety, sadness, emptiness, and anger. A person who lost self-worth, identity and meaning in life. A person who is struggling to live due to confusion and distrust in the world that he lives in, one who lost his worth after so much struggles and bad experiences. These emotions are reflected in the following lyrics: I don’t have to be anyone other than the birth of two souls in one part of where I’m going, is knowing where I’m coming from; All I have to do is think of me and have peace of mind; I’m tired of looking round rooms’ wondering what I’ve got to do and who I’m supposed to be; I’m surrounded by liars, impostors, and identity crisis; Can I have everyone’s attention please? There are reasons behind a person’s unhappiness and discontentment in life. It might be that he is not satisfied with â€Å"what he is†, â€Å"where he is†, and â€Å"what has†. He may not be living according to his moral standards, expectations and his knowledge of what is just and right. He might not be the person he wishes to become thus, he is unhappy, displaced, feel neglected and in great pain. Life is a process of self-validation, of life-long learning, of trying to overcome life’s trials and struggles. Each of us possesses capacities, potentials, and capabilities that help us combat our fears and problems. God gave us wisdom to be able to distinguish or determine the right from wrong. All of us experience tough moments and situations in our lives that sometimes, we think and feel, we are alone and no one cares for us. It is at this point when our basis of self-worth and identity is shaken and the meaning of our personal existence diminishes. Being criticized and ignored is one of the most self-invalidating experiences because our life revolves around social relationships and self-concept. It hurts our feelings and egos when people treated  Ã‚   us someone inferior or unworthy of their attention and respect. Losing someone dear to us can also create extreme pain and loneliness as well as loss of primary support system. When we are surrounded by people who do not believe in us, we feel unappreciated and invalidated. As we go through personal developmental changes in life, our intimacy need is also changed- from a need for protection and approval to the need of being fully understood, accepted, and connected emotionally and spiritually. When these needs are not met, we experience turmoil and lack of self-validation. We fail to value our self-worth and competence. We lose our confidence and self-respect and we become unhappy, hopeless, and directionless. Generally, it is the role of parents to provide us solid psychological, emotional, and spiritual foundation. When they fail to provide us these healthy experiences, we become inferior and not confident with our selves. Skills, self-concept, self-confidence, self-esteem, as well as interpersonal skills should be honed or cultivated at the early age of an individual. When these are needs are met, certainly the individual becomes mature, confident, happier, positive and appreciative of his self and of his life. Because it is only when a person loves himself that he can love others, when he accepts himself that he accept others, and only when his needs are met can he meet the needs of others. Foremost, it is only when a person forgives himself that he can forgive others. Almost everyone encounters or experiences a time when life is shattered by a crisis event. Very few realizes that an upsetting experience can actually have a positive outcome, that which leads to an increased personal maturity. When these experiences are dealt with appropriately, we certainly will become the person that we hope to be. And we will be happier, contented, productive, and most of all, appreciative about ourselves, the people around us, and our life. As created by God, we are architects and engineers of our own lives as we design our future ourselves. It is actually us who choose our destinies and our fates.

Is Online High School Right for You 3 Steps to Deciding

Is Online High School Right for You 3 Steps to Deciding SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you heard of online high schools and are wondering if they’re a good option for you?Are you unsure whether they’re a flexible way to get a high school diploma or just an internet scam? Read this guide to learn what an online high school is, what the pros and cons of attending one are, and how to decide if enrolling in a virtual high school is the right decision for you. What Is an Online High School? Like the name suggests, an online high school is a school or program where students can earn their high school diploma by taking classes online.Most of these classes are completely online, but some require students to visit a testing center or other location to take certain tests or hand in assignments.Some of these programs are affiliated with traditional brick and mortar schools while others are solely online. If you enroll in a virtual high school, you can either take a few classes to supplement your degree at your regular high school, or you can earn your entire high school diploma online. There are fourtypes of online high schools: Public schools: These are programs that are government funded, usually accredited, and available for free if you are a resident minor in the state or district in which it's offered. They usually follow curricula similar to that of your state's traditional high schools. Public online high schools have to follow strict guidelines in order to receive funding, and because of this they often have fewer course offerings than the other options listed. Charter schools:Online charter schools have many of the same characteristics as online public schools; however, they often have a wider variety of classes and may use more innovative and non-traditional teaching methods. Private schools: This is one of the fastest growing groups of online schools. Because they are not as regulated as the other groups, thequality and costs of private online schools can vary widely. However, they can offer a largevariety of classes and typically don't require students to live in a certain state in order to enroll. There are also specialized online private schools available such as Christian schools, schools that focus on math and science, and others. Schools affiliated with a college or university:Because they are sponsored by a college or university, these online schools often allow students to receive dual high school and college credit for the classes they take. These programs often offerhigh-quality classes, but they can be quite expensive to take. Some popular examples include Stanford University Online High School and Indiana University Virtual High School. Who Attends Online High School? What kind of people decide to pursue high school online?Most online high schools are open to both teenagers andadults returning to school to earn their high school diploma. Some of the people who enroll in high school online include: Teenagers who are unable to attend traditional high school or prefer to take classes online. Home-schooled students looking to supplement their education. Adults taking classes after being out of school for several years. Advanced students looking to take more rigorous classes than those their high school offers. International students who want to take classes offered by the country where they hope to attend college. From this list, it's clear that people decide to pursue virtualhigh school for a variety of reasons. Read on to learn more about the benefits that online schools can offer. What Are the Benefits of Online High School? Benefit #1: Flexible Schedule For many students, the most important benefit of attending high school online is that you don’t need to attend school during regular hours.This can be extremely helpful for students, both teenagers and adults, who are trying to balance completing their high school education with a job or other responsibilities.If you can only take classes and study in the evenings or on certain days, online high schools make that possible. Another benefit of this flexibility is that it allows you to learn at your own pace.This isbeneficialfor students who want to work at a slower pace to make sure they understand the material completely, as well as students who prefer afaster pace and are possibly looking to earn their high school diploma ahead of schedule.Flexible schedules can also benefit students who are ill, travel frequently, or otherwise can’t attend a traditional high school. Benefit #2: More Class Options Many times, online schools will have more class options than traditional onesbecause they are not restricted by a limitednumber of classrooms or teachers like traditional high schools are.This can benefit students looking to take specific classes not offered by their regular high school, including certain advanced or AP classes.Some online schools evenoffer specializations or the opportunity to tailor your courses to subjects that interest you more. This is also an important benefit for home-schooled students and their parents who may be thinking about onlineclasses. Taking an online class can allow you to learn about a subject your parent or homeschool teacher isn't an expert in, such as advanced math classes, so that you can remain home-schooled but also get the benefit of a well-rounded education. Benefit #3: No Traditional School Environment Some people also choose virtualhigh schools because they don’t enjoy or do well in a traditional school.This may be due to difficulties with classmates, trouble learning in a traditional classroom environment, or a different reason. Attending an online high school also often results in fewer distractions. When you are taking classes online, you don’t have to worry about what to wear, if your friends are in the same classes as you, or if you got invited to that party on Friday.When you sit down in front of your computer to work on your classes, you can devote your entire attention to learning and doing well in them. Attendinghigh school online can make it possible to take classes where and when you want. What Are the Drawbacks to Online High School? While virtualhigh schools undoubtedly have benefits, there are drawbacks as well. I’ll discuss four potential drawbacks below, and for each drawback I'll give ways to minimize it or avoid it all together. Drawback #1: Not Always Legitimate Unfortunately, not all online schools will provide you with a quality education, and some are little more than online scams that will award you with a â€Å"diploma† as long as you pay their fee. Attending a school that isn’t high quality can result in you getting a poor education, and this can make future schooling and jobs very challenging because you don’t have the knowledge you were supposed to have learned in high school.It can also result in your diploma not being accepted by most colleges and employers, which means you can spend a lot of time and money on a piece of paper that’s essentially worthless. How to avoid:Make sure to only attend an online high school that is accredited. Schools can only become accredited if they are found to meet a certain level of education quality, and many employers and colleges only accept diplomas from accredited high schools. A school’s website will usually state if they’re accredited, and you can check out our guide to learn more about accreditationand online high schools.and online high schools. Drawback #2: Can Be Expensive While some virtualhigh schools are free, others can cost thousands of dollars, and that can be difficult for many people to afford.Some online high schools cost over $10,000 a year to attend. How to avoid: The cost of an online high school depends on several factors, including your age, whether government funding is available, and what type of high school it is. Research different types of schools to find the best value for you. Public and charter online high schools are government funded and free to resident minors (so you must live in the state where it’s offered and be 18 or younger). Private online schools are typically more expensive. Each state’s department of education has a list of funded online programs, and you can look through these to potentially find an online school you can attend for free. Look on your state’s department of education website to find more information. Drawback #3: Less Social Interaction Another potential drawback of onlineprogramsis that they have much less social interaction than traditional schools. There are no friends sitting next to you in class, no sports teams, no prom, no lunch in the cafeteria. Some people may not mind this, but others find the relationships they form to be one of the most important and enjoyable parts of high school. Not having these experiences may cause you to feel like you’re missing out on an important part of high school, and it may cause you to enjoy your studies less and become less motivated. How to avoid: While you won’t be able to recreate all aspects of a traditional high school experience, you can still form friendships and interact with people. Look for online high schools that offer a chat function and group projects so you can talk with your classmates. You can also join clubs and sports teams in your community so that you can still spend time with others in-person. Why doesn't my laptop ever ask how my day has been? Drawback #4: Requires More Self-Motivation Unlike a traditional school, virtualhigh schools don’t have a classroom you need to be sitting in at a certain time, you won’t have a teacher you’ll see every day, and you won’t have nearby friends working on the same assignments. This means that it will be your responsibility to make sure you are doing the work you need to in order to graduate. For students used to being regularly assigned work, this can be a difficult adjustment. If you struggle with staying motivated, your grades could slip, and you could end up delaying your graduation. How to avoid: Create a study schedule that lists the work you need to accomplish each day and stick to it. You can also look for schools that offer more teacher interaction and have more frequent deadlines to help you stay on track. Should You Attend an Online High School? So, is attending a virtualhigh school the right choice for you? There is no one right answer, but follow the three steps below to help make the best decision for you. Step #1: Think About Why You Want to Attend an Online School The first step is to ask yourself why you want to attend high school online. Is it because it’s the only way you can fit taking high school classes into your schedule? Is it becauseyou need to finish high school early? Whatever the reason, make sure you know exactly why you want to attend an online school so that you can look for schools that give you the benefits you want. Step #2: Research Potential Schools The most important step is researching schools. The number of online high schools is growing rapidly, and trying to find the best one can be overwhelming. Look on your state’s department of education website to get started, and ask yourself the following questions for each school you are interested in: Is it accredited? How much will it cost? How much teacher and classmate interaction is there? How will you be graded? What classes do they offer? How much of a time commitment is required? When will you be able to graduate? You should think about the answers to each of these questions and decide if the school offers what you want. You can also search for online reviews from past students to see what they say about a particular school. It looks like these kids just discovered a great online school. Step #3: Think Honestly About How Much You Would Enjoy Online High School Some people want to attend high school online because they think it will be fun to take classes in their pajamas and be on the computer all day. While this may be true, online school can also be lonely, challenging, and monotonous. Before you decide to take online classes, think carefully about what it would be like to be alone all the time while doing schoolwork, not have a teacher able to explain things in person, have to plan your own study schedules, and not have nearby classmates to work on assignments with. Some people don’t mind this, but for others this environment can make completing high school a miserable and challenging experience. One low-risk way to try out online learning and see if it is for you is to take a massive online open course, often known as a MOOC. While you likely won’t receive any school credit for it, there are a huge number of MOOCs you can take for free. A simple Googlesearch for MOOCs will show you a wide variety of options. Try one class and see how you like online learning, then use that information to help decide if attending a virtual high school is the right decision for you. Bottom Line Online high schools can be a great way for people who need flexible schedules to complete their high school studies, but there is also the risk of enrolling in a disreputable school, feeling isolated, and having to spend thousands of dollars to complete your degree. In order to decide if you should attend an online school, research multiple schools carefully and see if they fit what they are looking for. You should also think carefully about what it would be like to attend school entirely online, and you may want to consider taking a free online course first before you decide to pursue high school online. What's Next? Interested in learning more about accreditation? We have a guide that explains exactly what accreditationis andhow you can make sure an online school is accredited. Trying to figure out your class schedule? Check out our expert guide on which classes you should take in high school. Want an in-depth look at an online school? Read our guide onStanford online high school,including reviews from current and past students. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Corporate Taxation in Germany and England Essay

Corporate Taxation in Germany and England - Essay Example Over the years both countries have introduced new tax reforms and Acts to serve the same purpose: to be more competitive in the global market. Decreasing corporate taxations can be quite advantageous to any country. Reduced numbers can mean more foreign investment in the country and a highly competitive business sector and that is exactly what Germany and England had sought out to accomplish. The first reform of the 21st century in Germany was introduced in 2000 and the latest one is being launched this year. Over the years Germany has successfully decreased its tax rates from a high percentage to a medium low percentage and has reaped many benefits. England has also cut down on its corporate tax and has achieved many of its goals successfully. Although there are many criticisms on focusing too much on cutting down corporate taxes instead of other taxes both the countries have accomplished part of the goal they had initially sought out to achieve. Corporation taxes are sometimes misunderstood because of their complexity and continuous scrutiny under the law. European countries have been on a mission to reduce their corporate taxes in the past few years to appeal to foreign investors and to be more competitive in the global market. Germany started off being one of the highest corporate taxing countries and has been in a continuous battle with itself do decrease these numbers. ... Germany started off being one of the highest corporate taxing countries and has been in a continuous battle with itself do decrease these numbers. England is also jumping on the bandwagon and following the lead of other European countries to reduce its corporate taxes. Over the years both countries have introduced new tax reforms and Acts to serve the same purpose: to be more competitive in the global market and keeping their corporations from relocating to lower taxing countries. "Corporations are legally capable associations based on the membership of persons; they are organized on a membership basis and exist independent of the change of the individual members. The legal form corporation is a legal person, whose "body" exists of individual natural or other legal persons." (Definition of corporation and scope of tax liability, n.d.) Only companies registered as joint stock companies or having limited liability are considered corporations whereas partnerships are considered to be small businesses that do not have corporate taxes levied on them. Each individual though has to pay a specific amount of tax on his or her net income. ." (Definition of corporation and scope of tax liability, n.d.) How much a corporation gets taxed within a year depends on its entire net income in the operating cycle and the taxes are levied according to German Acts and laws. (Determination of taxable income, n.d.) "The corporation tax rate for retained and distributed profits is 15 percent (Flat Tax).On the level of the involved parties, a capital gains tax is levied on principle with a tax rate of 20 percent." (Corporation tax rate, n.d.) All the balance sheets and accounts are reviewed for profits and loss for the proper taxes to be levied on the corporations. (Assessment Procedure,

Reflection on the Cultural Geography of Thailand Essay

Reflection on the Cultural Geography of Thailand - Essay Example With the intention of understanding the geography and the culture of Thailand, I have done research searches through literature books and sources with the inclusion of the internet. From the reading sources, some of the aspects that emerge as the prominent definers of the geography and culture of the country are religion, architectural design, language and the social life of the people of the country. The rich social art of Thailand amalgamates art and healing that draws from the traditional aspect making the country a hub for culture and civilization. With the intention of learning about the people of Thailand, the learning outcome for the semester has provided me with adequate information to know that Thailand is a country that is composed of 67,741,401 people according to the national population estimate 2013. The natural population increase rate of the country is 35.4% with the birth rate being 11.26births /1000. The life expectancy rate of the country is 74.18 years and the infant mortality rate being 9.86/1000. In relation to the culture and way of life of the people of Thailand, the semester study has impacted me with information to realize that the country is composed of four major language groups. The language groups are the Aheu, Akeu, Akha, Ban Khor Sign, and Bisu. The country's national language is Thai, but there are other minor languages spoken in the country. The country has approximately 48 religions with Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism being the dominant religions. The country thus shares a lot of cultural and religious similarity to other Asian countries like China. The traditional form of architecture has changed paving way for the building of more modern and elegant housing and religious sanctuaries in the country thus representing an immense socio-cultural change in the country.

Bangladesh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bangladesh - Essay Example (Bangladesh Development Research Centre) The country has witnessed some stability on the political front from the start of the 21st century as compared to the 1990s when political turmoil and military interventions were the order of the day. Corruption and nepotism is widespread in the entire sub-continent. So the only way to make perceptible all-round progress happen is political will to discipline the bureaucracy. The only silver lining to the general average or below average economic and social performance is the micro-credit scheme introduced and managed by Nobel prize winner, Muhammed Yunus. Also, women in Bangladesh appear more enthusiastic about participation and progress whether it is economy or population control drive. The tolerance and compatibility shown by Bangladesh National Party (BNP) and Awami League, the two main political parties, towards each other in the past decade is one of the key factors in contributing to whatever growth has been perceptibly witnessed during this time. Bitter political rivalry between these two parties and their exploitation by the military since independence in 1975, have been the main causes of the country's woes. The presence ofThe presence of the United Nations and countries like Japan in Bangladesh serves to ensure accountability and order. It also provides the advantage of technological know-how and the scope for its application in the environs of Bangladesh. Poverty alleviation and reduction in infant mortality rates as of now are inextricably linked to projects undertaken with the help of the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, international agencies like the United Nations Development Program and donor nations like Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, etc. (Masudul Hoq Chowdhury) Japan has played major role not only as a donor nation but also as nodal agency for other donor nations and NGOs in the efforts to mitigate Bangladesh's domestic obstacles in the areas of agricultural development, basic human needs, human resource development, infrastructure for investment and export promotion, and disaster management. Another factor playing a major contributory role in the country's progress is its increasing participation in world affairs. Bangladesh has been participating in UN-sponsored peace keeping operations in various disturbed regions in the world by pro-actively contributing its military personnel in these efforts. Bangladesh has also been making efforts to strengthen bilateral relations with its neighboring countries and other nations all over the world. It is also a source for good, cheap labor. (Japan's Country Assistance Program) 3. Traditional and new/novel remedies to promote development for Bangladesh. Traditionally, the country's major source of income used to be the jute industry, rice cultivation and fish farming. However,

Comparison of China and Indias FDI

Comparison of China and Indias FDI ABSTRACT Welcoming Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), means of India and China differ to some extent which gives to some important subjects of concern about the definite FDI perspectives of India. In the days to come, can India became an FDI destination equivalent to that of China. The thesis mainly focuses on these issues. It will also guide us with the necessary steps that the country needs to follow to turn into a attractive FDI destination in World. India was lagging to a large extent when compared to the FDI inflows that China has. In part, this difference shows the trust that the foreign investors have in Chinas growth and the disbelieve they had in Indias loyalty towards the free market reforms. On the other hand, Indian Diaspora was the drawback for its own success until now and interested to welcome the investors to back home. India has become a supportive backbone to private enterprise in terms of its development in infrastructure. When compared to Chinas capital markets Indias market shown a great potential and transparency In the case of India which is more dependent on its organic growth, it is using a wide range of resources which shows that there will be a more sustainable progress that Chinas FDI driven method. Can India overtake China? Is no more a childish question and if it shows up the Indias wiser progress and according to the policy experts, the wiser the step more growth is shown in the economy. CHAPTER1 Brief Analytical framework What is FDI? Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a networking ingredient of the progress in the globalisation of world economy. FDI reduces the total capital invested by foreign investors, directly or indirectly to companies in different economy with a desire of attaining profits to be shared from the company in which they invest. The foreign investors attains possession of assets in the invested country companies as a relative ratio to their equity holidays. FDI by definition is generally known to show a long-term commitment because it will be a share of ten percent or more in the host country firm, together with the management capabilities.[1] Role of FDI: The significance of FDI lies beyond the financial investment that invested in the country. Along with this, FDI investment can be a mechanism for developing international marketing of products in terms of knowledge, management abilities, technical aspects of design, brand names, way of marketing and characteristics etc.. FDI can produce desirable results for both local industry and customer, by providing improved show up in the product design and technological transfer, way of utilizing global management skills of human resources, setting the firm with global standards of competitiveness new channels of export markets, providing wide range of services in terms of internationally quality goods and channels and with an increase in the employment prospects.[1] Taking into consideration of all the above aspects, FDI can be mentioned as an important means of economic growth and is a driving factor of growth in developing countries. FDI investments are normally choosen as better option than the other forms of finance, as they dont create any debts, no-volatile and returns are directly proportional on the projects invested by the financers. In the present situation of rapid growth and tremendous change both in technological and managerial aspects, their need is always to be welcomed.[1, 2] Choice of location of FDI: According to Dunnings Ownership Location Internalisation (OLI) concept the worthful site productions of FDI investments to the host nations in terms of location benefits that the foreign investors made by the FDI. The concept shows that the involvement of developing nations in total investment of foreign direct inflow has been grown considering over the past 25years, taking into the consideration of the changes taken place in the past decades. For example looking for agricultural resources was high in 20th century when compared to the present. The present investments of FDI are complex to a large extent and are dependent on a wide variety of conditions base on the growing competition on the market in which the industries own and to the economic policies at the local and the host countries. [1,2] FDI has been viewed as a technique to enhance the growth in the economy by the developing nations. In terms of IMF, FDI is an investment internationally for attaining a lasting interest by a local firm in one economy in an enterprise firm in another economy. In spite the developing nations are pushing hard to get on the FDI but to a large extent FDI is gained by developing nations, for example it is one and half million dollar investment in the year 2004 China and India are the two developing powers of the developing nations, comprising of thirty seven percentage of world population. Both China and India has a large scale of natural resources, skilled labour and unskilled labour, affordable labour with good quality large local markets and the stable political use.[2] By taking all these into consideration we can say that they have a tremendous growth in the FDI to setup the local and international markets and also to become a significant entity in the economic growth globally. India and China are the two growing nations of Asia which are at present the higher priority nations for FDI investment. Both India and China have their trends of policies for getting on the foreign investment. India is the first country in Asia to setup a export technologies in 1965. India has drastically slowed down by not utilising the foreign investment because of it s self reliance and export replacement until the late 1980s till the introduction of new reforms (LPG) liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation in 1990- 1991.[3] India and China are the two nations which are best suited for the FDI investments globally. Inspite, India has introduced excellent financial and instituting reforms easier to the Chinas introduction of these, now China shows up a better FDI in contrast with India. It is clearly evident that China is ahead of India, there are some important cases that India has to learn from Chinas experience.[1,3] The financial markets governed by SBI in India are much enhanced when compared to China. India has a good service sector which requires small capital inflow than the manufacturing sector. Based on the analysis of AT Kearney, it is evident that India has a high enhance of becoming number one manufacturing location.[3] Structure of Dissertation: The thesis is discussed in a total of eight chapters. First chapter deals with the statement of the problem and comes out with the goal of this thesis. Second chapter deals with Indian and Chinese economy. 3rd chapter deals with FDI and developing countries. 4th chapter deals with Indian and Chinese FDI. 5th chapter deals with analysis of Indian and Chinese economy using SWOT and PEST analysis. 6th chapter deals with the methodology followed by observations and enhancements in the seventh chapter. 8th chapter deals with the conclusion and recommendation to be taken by nations to increase FDI inflow. Statement of problem: India secured independence two years earlier than China, but it is still behind in socio-economic development signs. Once China became a member of WTO China began to be choose as best FDI investment nation among the developing nations. In terms of Asian Development Outlook and UNCTAD(2005) point out that Indias FDI is purely less than that of China and there is a quite enough difference between the actual realisation and approvals. However, China was ahead of the India because of this implementation of open door policy in 1979 for the inflows of FDI to grow its economy to the modern standards and capitalistic ways, it being a socialistic system. Eventually, India also shown growth in its economy through LPG policies from 1991 onwards breaking out the barcodes of the license control raj. But according to RBI rightly spoken words Despite all the talks we are no where even near to begun globalise in terms of any commonly used signs of globalisation. In fact we are still one of the best globalise among the major nations, however we take a look at it. Justification of study: The thesis point out the comparative study of India and China over FDI, it is mainly discussed about the policy reforms in India to make more FDI investments, next steps to be taken by India for attracting FDI and how to overtake China in the FDI inflows. The growth of FDI is a major source making income for many developing nations like China and India. It brings several advantages like implementation of new products, skills, new markets and technology to the local country. India is preferred as the second best nation for the foreign investment after China which showed a growth of one hundred and eighty four percentage in the year 2006-2007. Inspite of better economical and managerial reforms of India over China, India is lagging behind China. The thesis demonstrates whether the current reforms in India are sufficient to overtake China. AIMS and objectives: To identify the factors that develops the growth of Indian financial system through its policy changes. To find out what initiatives made by Indian government to attract the FDI and its policy changes made by the government of India to enhance the Indian health care system. To analyse participation and involvement of FDI in India and China, also to identify what India can learn from China. To produce qualitative evaluation about past and current issues which effects both India and China by FDI? To produce the comprehensive documentation of key findings of government participation of both countries by FDI. To conduct a competitive comparison by FDI in India as well as in China CHAPTER2 A Framework of FDI Overview of Indian FDI: The Indian government behaviour towards the foreign investment has been modified to a large extent during the last decade. Foreign Investment at that time was restricted only to a certain particular industry under special norms has now been made liberal under the terms of restrictions and particular industries. This shows the changing confidence in the fundamental of the Indian economy and the drastic step of the Indian government to cope up with the global economy. Approval ways for foreign Investment in India are primarily most vigilant.[3,4] FDI is considered as a significant step in the process of growth of economy in the developing countries. FDI is certainly the best investment policy in market when compared to the other reforms of finance since it does generate and debt, non-volatile and the benefits are dependent on the performance of project invested by the investors. With the implementation of new policy in 1991 (LPG) and other reforms policies, India has seen a growth in the investment and outflow of FDI into the nation. This was to a large extent due to the modification and dismission of trade opposing policies.[4] Through economic liberalisation in India had taken its roots from the late 1970s, economic reforms in India have only started after 1991, the reforms which have opened up in 1991 have pushed the economy from the government control, government monopoly to the private sectors of the economy growth. The license raj is a constraint in the past, inspite of the slow down of the economy globally due to global crisis in 2008-2009 India had shown up a growth of nearly 6.7%. According to the Asian development banks Asia capital market report the Indian economy was grown as a third largest after the China and Hongkong in the growing Asian markets, with a market capitalisation of nearly US$ 600 million.[3,4] Investment Environment: Although Indias foreign investment policy gives access to hundred percent FDI in most sectors, India till now has not attained its growth as an FDI destination to its maximum extent. The governments efforts in maximising the FDI investments are not up to the mark because of the flows with in the government like corruption, bureaucracy, and importantly the drawbacks in the needed infrastructure. India is known for its different operating ways which differ from state to state.[3,5] Important reforms in the investments concerned issues; mainly the foreign investment was delayed in the last few years mainly because of UPAs dependence on Indias communist party for the agreement in the parliament. The end of this agreement in 2008 brought into existence only a small set of reforms. For example, in February, the government implemented modifications that opened channels for FDI inflow like the insurance, telecom and retail. The governments decision did not change any of the FDI capitals but it had given a chance to invest in these sectors beyond the limit but it should be taken place indirectly. Once major fore seeing, is that UPA government, which has been rejected without any support of the Indias main left list parties, will now utilize its power to step forward in implementing more economic and investment reforms, many of which are anticipated to provide chances to foreign investors. [5,1] Reforms are showing a growth with a normal place as a result of the global crisis and the diversity of views on the issues, even with the congress party itself. Plans to improve the tax system, create a self dependent debt management system and to a small extent privatisation of government owned firms are being taken into consideration and are proposal. Recent performance: There was a growth of 6.2% y/y in the GDP for Q2-09 (through it is less than the predicted one) with an increase of 5.8% in Q1-09. Grown was reduced to 7.4% for 2008 and is expected to continue the same pattern for the next few quarters. Growth in the first half of the year came on the side of high government prediction spending and stimulus spending. But less monsoon rainfall this year will reduce growth aspects. Industrial growth in the production is at 10.4% y/y in August at a tremendous state since October 2007, largely on the side of government mode of operation and inventory backing.[5,7,9] Fiscal Policy: The budget for the FY09/10 coming year is estimated that the reduction of the deflect to 6.8% of GDP from 6.0% the last year and the tax revenues getting worsened to 10.9% of GDP from 11.6%. Total investment of the central government is to grown to 17.4% of GDP on the things due to increased subsidies and for providing more opportunities on welfare and employment programs especially in rural areas to increase demand and growth trajectory. The period given to small farmers to repay their dues under the debt waiver and debt cancellation schemes has been increased up to the year end. More money is expected to be deposited into the National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme which gives assurance that each rural family works 100days on public sector projects. Fiscal consolidation is to be given up for small term improvement and is to be gained in the medium long term. The budget does not include important reforms which are significant for private business and foreign investment.[1,3 5] Monetary Policy: The Reserve Bank of India is likely to take the control of more monetary losses since October 2008 and to hold the repo rate as well as the reverse repo rate at 47.5% and 3.25% respectively in tis October meeting. The case reverse necessity can be increased once the liquidity conditions have become better. Lower policy rates are step by step converting into lower commercial rank landing rates, but the business is being more careful about the giving and taking. Large energy prices earlier in 2008 had pushed the government to maximize retail fuel prices, making the Wholesale Price Induse(WPI), the RBIs target indicator for inflation, nearly to 12% in July 2008. The external sector: 2008 saw maximum trade downfalls due to the increase in the oil prices. At the same time the plunge in the commodity prices failed to make it a substantial current account profits in 2008 due to negative export performance and value of rupee decreased to a maximum extent. The considerable reduction in imports in 2009 motivated to an growth in the current account deflect in Q1-09 after a large extent of downfall in the last three quarters of 2008. The overall Balance of Payment(BOP) figures for H1-08 showed a addition; but by H2-08 it became a negative.[6,1,2] H1-09 BOP balance is now once again in showing improvement due to a firming on the capital account side but the current account side was worsened in Q2-09. Foreign reserves, though are of considerable amounts have been tightened in the past months, but have raised again in July up to USD 261 billion and showing over 9.4% months of current account debit cover. The external debt is a tiny one at 18.7% of GDP providing a solution. The rupee value dropping in 2008, have brought loss of 20.7% against the USD, but in 2009 it coped up when compared to the lost value worth.[1,2] Changes of Policies in 1991: In July 1991, India has observed some important reforms comprising of certain de-reputation of industrial sector as well as liberalisation of FDI and imports. The important conditions taken in this policy alternation were: Cancellation of industrial licensing in all organisations with exceptions like security-concerned and strategic areas. Enhancement of capacity facilitates the market necessities for the running industries. Nullify the rules on investments by MRTP and FERA industries. Approving normally for foreign investment below or equal to fifty one percent of the equity under consideration of high technology and high investment priority industries and liberalisation of capital market. While implementing the practice of mixed economy would continue, the new economic policies had placed a few hard alterations in government sector industries. Example: Minimizing the set of industries reserved for government sector from 17 to 8 and by December 2002 the set included only three sectors under the public sector units.[8, 10] Atomic energy Minerals mentioned in the atomic energy order, 1953. Railway transport. The number of fields according to which industrial licensing is necessary is reduced to fifteen, declaration of new policy renewal fund(NRF) in order to handle the worse state sector organisations; for converting them into more independent and accountable, along with which foreign investment upto fifteen percent is allowed without any restrictions and foreign technology allowance for 35 main industries. These types of policy changes had increased the argumentation in India among the supporters of liberalisation policy and one who doesnt support the policy. The argument is still on; however it was later changed slowly with time of almost a decade of policy introduction and the result in the performance was visible. [9,10] CHAPTER 3 FDI in China Introduction: Right from the start of economic policies and begin of foreign capital investment in 1979, China started getting a huge chunk of foreign investment flows. China has become the second largest FDI investment country in the world where United States occupied the first place and China has also secured the biggest host nation among the developing countries. Chinas position as a host nation of FDI can be termed equivalent to the developed country though it is a developing nation with the highest FDI inflow.[17] For twenty years (1979-1999), the actual FDI investments in China from 1979 to 1999 is nearly USD 306 billion, which is equivalent to ten percent of the global investment and thirty percent of the developing countries together. Chinese FDI investment pattern can be studied according to the alterations in the policy reforms- the first phase is from 1979- 1983, second phase is from 1984-1991. In the first phase only the Chinese government has set up four Special Economic Jones(SEZs) in Guangdon and Fujan provinces, and implemented new set of regulations with supporting capabilities for the FDI in these SEZs. Though the amount of FDI investments is limited it is mostly taken place in these SEZs.[17,18] Determination of FDI in China: According to the study FDI is basically categorized into two types: market oriented and export oriented FDI. According to the market oriented type of FDI the driving factors for promoting the FDI investments is the size and growth of the host nation. The export oriented FDI on the other hand mainly concentrated on the wealth competitiveness. There are some of the features which support both FDI which China is said to have are mentioned below.[17] Size and growth of the Chinese economy and policies. Distribution of FDI in China in the sectors of natural and sect oral and geographical. Human resource capabilities like cost and quality of labour. Infrastructure interms of physical, economical and technology. Willingness to trade internationally and its channels to foreign markets. Introduction of regularity principals and economic policy coherence. Investment security and promotion. Capital Availability: By the early 2000s, China had outnumbered United States with a more number of investments globally. FDI is a technique in which a non-local investor is interested investing in a local location. The investments of FDI into China can be counted on the basis of the global capital markets presence at that time and normal economic environment at that particular time. [13] A challenging global economy, capital markets and business situation at that time implement options of creating huge chuncks of investment capital that exceeds the amount of good ideas of local investment can result in the institutional, organisational and individual investors to invest in the growing and developing markets of the world. Competitiveness: Chinas welcoming nature as a perfect host of foreign investment capital lies on its enhancement of infrastructure, resource opportunities like(physical and labour), quality and working abilities and the development of the managerial vale chain. The high degree obviously make China as a perfect host of FDI when compared to other countries, like India which strive for its success in attaining the same investment capital. A growing and developing nation requires good standards of infrastructure and resources in order to promote its sale of goods and services. [13] Less transaction charges, due to the good standard of the aspects, helps investors to earn returns on these investments as their organisations are able to make benefits roads, highways, bridges and other ways of physical infrastructure, must be present runned and should be more secure for the transportation of the goods and also for the commutation of the workers. Another aspect for being a perfect FDI involves the availability of desired labour, who have the required aptitudes, experience and perfectness to create , manufacture and provide goods and services that can be seleld in the growing markets. Regulatory environment: When a national government acts into scene by implementing rules and policies with an objective at favouring state entities at the cost of privately running firms, such an environment can be detrimental to initiatives that aim to attract FDI. Like these, the regulatory environment can enhance or become a downfall fro the foreign direct investment for China. Large amount of regulations tend to show the entrepreneur and commercial activities, as the management and labour must spend more quality of time to carry on with these rules and regulations. If an investor wants to start a manufacturing facility in China, excessive start up costs, loyal exposure and other difficulty compliance items may implement that investor to set up the facility anywhere the environment is more complaint to the industry. Other types of regulations which are must the compulsory joint venture partnership in which, along with the foreign investors, the state entity or local entity or local industry as a partner. A well established judicial system is favoured for the perfect FDI host. If a judicial system is centralized towards the locals who some time wants to practice some unfair, unethical and illegal means of business opuurtunities will also contribute to making China as a less choose destination.[17] Another regulatory technique which supports for a favourable investment is the governments implementation of investment activities by providing alluring financial breaks like the tax breaks, grants, cheap government promoters financial services then it can be more effective in enhancing the making of a business more benefitiable and within a short span of time. Stability: Political and economic stability can improve the state of the on flows of FDI. Stability means estimation of future and giving opportunities for organisations to attain better understanding of future markets. On the other hand constant social turnover are the constraints which are not favourable for a good progress of the investments. Economic instability can lead to the depreciation of the currency value due to hyper inflation. To promote FDI, natives/works as well as trading should have a considerable amount of respect towards Chinese low end rates. Violence, underground criminal running, blackmail, kidnaps and duplicate currency and products have all been the flaws in China that serve to reduce the efficiency of conducting trade activities. The justice system should also follow best practices for eradication and elimination of these unfaithful activities for a better investment opportunities.[17,18] Local Chinese market and business climate: The most shining feature of China is the large size of its population and market, and the aspects of growth result from this size. The ability of organisations- backed by foreign investment to sell to a considerable amount of local market makes China as an attractive destination for FDI. As the Chinese economy is showing a tremendous growth, high end industries, engineering, robotics, and luxury goods among others can step into Chinese market as a large scale investors because of its perfect local conditions, resources and other FDI chances are enhanced growth and FDI can begin a success domino effect. The more foreign investment in the regions the more will be its growth. If the growth of a particular location is in a good progress to more investors will be willing to make FDI inflows. This point gains the benefits of the Chinas sizeable market, which represents growth oppurtuniteis in the present and growing commercial business. The higher the FDI inflows into the nation, the more the economic growth, forming a cycle of economic growth.[14,18] Openness to regional and international trade: Open nature of the business market helps in enhancing the promotion of FDI hosts. The main important thing to be taken into consideration is the business capability to promote its products and services to both local and international markets. Is the Chinese based organisations have restricted or less trading activities to foreign customers to be taken into consideration the United States, Western Europe, Japan and others tehn the local market may not able to accomplish a single investment in money and energy. Trade restrictions such as tariffs are genrally considered as less motivated options by other nations. An American product which is having high price while being marketed in China is of no demand in the local market due to the unnaturally raised price, such actions normally rise the tariffs of such local Chinese product in contrast with the US products and in certain cases, an outright ban on certain goods and services.[15] Export-friendly policies, normally will play a major role in determining whether to invest in China, especially for organisation which have large chuncks of investments in other local markets. For enhancing economic policies and growth, it is necessary to initiate business-friendly system, and international free trade agreements are needed to be implemented by market developing governments. The impact of FDI on Chinas international trade: Right from 1980, Chinas foreign trade has shown an tremendous growth. In the period of 1980 and 1998, its share in the world trade has rised to three percent from the base value of one percent. The Chinas economy free flowness can be measured by the ratio of foreign trade to GDP addition from twelve percent to thirty four percent. It is evident that the FDI has been the main aspect which enhanced the improved Chinas entrance in the international sector of the production process known as globalisation. The conclusions can be derived from the below state empirical evidences. Chinas comparative advantages: As estimated by economic theory, Chinas main structural strengths in international trade have been focused in a small definitive number of labour intensive manufacturing products leather and shoes, dress materials and some other manufactured products (like, sports items, toys). Its main structural drawback lies in investment and technology intensive goods; machinery, turbines, textile raw materials and plastics. Ten sectors in which China had excelled had resulted in a total of sixty eight percent of Chinas exports and ten sectors in which China has fallbacks resulted in a total of 42 percent of Chinese imports.[15] This present a brief about the differences that exist in policy making with Chinas foreign trading partners ( the EU-15, the United States, Japan) and the four developing individualized economies (Hong-Kong, Taiwan, south Korea and Singapore) and the presence of big inter-sectarian complementary. In the same channel, China had an excellent net export in the labour based products both in its business with Asia and the rest of the world. Chinas specialisation policies have never been introduced. Its excellence in some of the more basic sectors (clothing and knitwear, carpets) was turned off in the nineties, while new comparative benefits evolved and other were vanished. In particular China had introduced new comparative benefits in computer tools, consumer electronics and electrical appliances and home used electrical apparatus though there was excellent growth in exports. At that moment it had given up its comparative benefit in three sectors, out of which crude and refined oil are same. These turnovers in the specialisation also emerged the Chinas position in world trade. While in 1997 China still continued to hold the biggest market chuncks in the most tremendously growing world markets like tele communication devices, computer devices and electrical appliances and tools. [17] A Comparatative analysis China and India in a context of composition of GDP: There is scepticism about the China that has the business structure of a developing nation. The inter sectored business specialisations were more strongly established when compared to other developing Asian nations. This can be credited to the Chinas wide extent and big resources of cheap labour which helps it in having a continuous enlargement of labour specific exports. The Analysis of the IMPACT of FDI on Chinas structure: Chinas policy is so attain export-related FDI which is interested in its enhancement has gained a excellent success. It has allowed it to construct on international level of manufacturing sector, which is highly capable to meet the world markets. There was no effect on this export-related and impo Comparison of China and Indias FDI Comparison of China and Indias FDI ABSTRACT Welcoming Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), means of India and China differ to some extent which gives to some important subjects of concern about the definite FDI perspectives of India. In the days to come, can India became an FDI destination equivalent to that of China. The thesis mainly focuses on these issues. It will also guide us with the necessary steps that the country needs to follow to turn into a attractive FDI destination in World. India was lagging to a large extent when compared to the FDI inflows that China has. In part, this difference shows the trust that the foreign investors have in Chinas growth and the disbelieve they had in Indias loyalty towards the free market reforms. On the other hand, Indian Diaspora was the drawback for its own success until now and interested to welcome the investors to back home. India has become a supportive backbone to private enterprise in terms of its development in infrastructure. When compared to Chinas capital markets Indias market shown a great potential and transparency In the case of India which is more dependent on its organic growth, it is using a wide range of resources which shows that there will be a more sustainable progress that Chinas FDI driven method. Can India overtake China? Is no more a childish question and if it shows up the Indias wiser progress and according to the policy experts, the wiser the step more growth is shown in the economy. CHAPTER1 Brief Analytical framework What is FDI? Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a networking ingredient of the progress in the globalisation of world economy. FDI reduces the total capital invested by foreign investors, directly or indirectly to companies in different economy with a desire of attaining profits to be shared from the company in which they invest. The foreign investors attains possession of assets in the invested country companies as a relative ratio to their equity holidays. FDI by definition is generally known to show a long-term commitment because it will be a share of ten percent or more in the host country firm, together with the management capabilities.[1] Role of FDI: The significance of FDI lies beyond the financial investment that invested in the country. Along with this, FDI investment can be a mechanism for developing international marketing of products in terms of knowledge, management abilities, technical aspects of design, brand names, way of marketing and characteristics etc.. FDI can produce desirable results for both local industry and customer, by providing improved show up in the product design and technological transfer, way of utilizing global management skills of human resources, setting the firm with global standards of competitiveness new channels of export markets, providing wide range of services in terms of internationally quality goods and channels and with an increase in the employment prospects.[1] Taking into consideration of all the above aspects, FDI can be mentioned as an important means of economic growth and is a driving factor of growth in developing countries. FDI investments are normally choosen as better option than the other forms of finance, as they dont create any debts, no-volatile and returns are directly proportional on the projects invested by the financers. In the present situation of rapid growth and tremendous change both in technological and managerial aspects, their need is always to be welcomed.[1, 2] Choice of location of FDI: According to Dunnings Ownership Location Internalisation (OLI) concept the worthful site productions of FDI investments to the host nations in terms of location benefits that the foreign investors made by the FDI. The concept shows that the involvement of developing nations in total investment of foreign direct inflow has been grown considering over the past 25years, taking into the consideration of the changes taken place in the past decades. For example looking for agricultural resources was high in 20th century when compared to the present. The present investments of FDI are complex to a large extent and are dependent on a wide variety of conditions base on the growing competition on the market in which the industries own and to the economic policies at the local and the host countries. [1,2] FDI has been viewed as a technique to enhance the growth in the economy by the developing nations. In terms of IMF, FDI is an investment internationally for attaining a lasting interest by a local firm in one economy in an enterprise firm in another economy. In spite the developing nations are pushing hard to get on the FDI but to a large extent FDI is gained by developing nations, for example it is one and half million dollar investment in the year 2004 China and India are the two developing powers of the developing nations, comprising of thirty seven percentage of world population. Both China and India has a large scale of natural resources, skilled labour and unskilled labour, affordable labour with good quality large local markets and the stable political use.[2] By taking all these into consideration we can say that they have a tremendous growth in the FDI to setup the local and international markets and also to become a significant entity in the economic growth globally. India and China are the two growing nations of Asia which are at present the higher priority nations for FDI investment. Both India and China have their trends of policies for getting on the foreign investment. India is the first country in Asia to setup a export technologies in 1965. India has drastically slowed down by not utilising the foreign investment because of it s self reliance and export replacement until the late 1980s till the introduction of new reforms (LPG) liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation in 1990- 1991.[3] India and China are the two nations which are best suited for the FDI investments globally. Inspite, India has introduced excellent financial and instituting reforms easier to the Chinas introduction of these, now China shows up a better FDI in contrast with India. It is clearly evident that China is ahead of India, there are some important cases that India has to learn from Chinas experience.[1,3] The financial markets governed by SBI in India are much enhanced when compared to China. India has a good service sector which requires small capital inflow than the manufacturing sector. Based on the analysis of AT Kearney, it is evident that India has a high enhance of becoming number one manufacturing location.[3] Structure of Dissertation: The thesis is discussed in a total of eight chapters. First chapter deals with the statement of the problem and comes out with the goal of this thesis. Second chapter deals with Indian and Chinese economy. 3rd chapter deals with FDI and developing countries. 4th chapter deals with Indian and Chinese FDI. 5th chapter deals with analysis of Indian and Chinese economy using SWOT and PEST analysis. 6th chapter deals with the methodology followed by observations and enhancements in the seventh chapter. 8th chapter deals with the conclusion and recommendation to be taken by nations to increase FDI inflow. Statement of problem: India secured independence two years earlier than China, but it is still behind in socio-economic development signs. Once China became a member of WTO China began to be choose as best FDI investment nation among the developing nations. In terms of Asian Development Outlook and UNCTAD(2005) point out that Indias FDI is purely less than that of China and there is a quite enough difference between the actual realisation and approvals. However, China was ahead of the India because of this implementation of open door policy in 1979 for the inflows of FDI to grow its economy to the modern standards and capitalistic ways, it being a socialistic system. Eventually, India also shown growth in its economy through LPG policies from 1991 onwards breaking out the barcodes of the license control raj. But according to RBI rightly spoken words Despite all the talks we are no where even near to begun globalise in terms of any commonly used signs of globalisation. In fact we are still one of the best globalise among the major nations, however we take a look at it. Justification of study: The thesis point out the comparative study of India and China over FDI, it is mainly discussed about the policy reforms in India to make more FDI investments, next steps to be taken by India for attracting FDI and how to overtake China in the FDI inflows. The growth of FDI is a major source making income for many developing nations like China and India. It brings several advantages like implementation of new products, skills, new markets and technology to the local country. India is preferred as the second best nation for the foreign investment after China which showed a growth of one hundred and eighty four percentage in the year 2006-2007. Inspite of better economical and managerial reforms of India over China, India is lagging behind China. The thesis demonstrates whether the current reforms in India are sufficient to overtake China. AIMS and objectives: To identify the factors that develops the growth of Indian financial system through its policy changes. To find out what initiatives made by Indian government to attract the FDI and its policy changes made by the government of India to enhance the Indian health care system. To analyse participation and involvement of FDI in India and China, also to identify what India can learn from China. To produce qualitative evaluation about past and current issues which effects both India and China by FDI? To produce the comprehensive documentation of key findings of government participation of both countries by FDI. To conduct a competitive comparison by FDI in India as well as in China CHAPTER2 A Framework of FDI Overview of Indian FDI: The Indian government behaviour towards the foreign investment has been modified to a large extent during the last decade. Foreign Investment at that time was restricted only to a certain particular industry under special norms has now been made liberal under the terms of restrictions and particular industries. This shows the changing confidence in the fundamental of the Indian economy and the drastic step of the Indian government to cope up with the global economy. Approval ways for foreign Investment in India are primarily most vigilant.[3,4] FDI is considered as a significant step in the process of growth of economy in the developing countries. FDI is certainly the best investment policy in market when compared to the other reforms of finance since it does generate and debt, non-volatile and the benefits are dependent on the performance of project invested by the investors. With the implementation of new policy in 1991 (LPG) and other reforms policies, India has seen a growth in the investment and outflow of FDI into the nation. This was to a large extent due to the modification and dismission of trade opposing policies.[4] Through economic liberalisation in India had taken its roots from the late 1970s, economic reforms in India have only started after 1991, the reforms which have opened up in 1991 have pushed the economy from the government control, government monopoly to the private sectors of the economy growth. The license raj is a constraint in the past, inspite of the slow down of the economy globally due to global crisis in 2008-2009 India had shown up a growth of nearly 6.7%. According to the Asian development banks Asia capital market report the Indian economy was grown as a third largest after the China and Hongkong in the growing Asian markets, with a market capitalisation of nearly US$ 600 million.[3,4] Investment Environment: Although Indias foreign investment policy gives access to hundred percent FDI in most sectors, India till now has not attained its growth as an FDI destination to its maximum extent. The governments efforts in maximising the FDI investments are not up to the mark because of the flows with in the government like corruption, bureaucracy, and importantly the drawbacks in the needed infrastructure. India is known for its different operating ways which differ from state to state.[3,5] Important reforms in the investments concerned issues; mainly the foreign investment was delayed in the last few years mainly because of UPAs dependence on Indias communist party for the agreement in the parliament. The end of this agreement in 2008 brought into existence only a small set of reforms. For example, in February, the government implemented modifications that opened channels for FDI inflow like the insurance, telecom and retail. The governments decision did not change any of the FDI capitals but it had given a chance to invest in these sectors beyond the limit but it should be taken place indirectly. Once major fore seeing, is that UPA government, which has been rejected without any support of the Indias main left list parties, will now utilize its power to step forward in implementing more economic and investment reforms, many of which are anticipated to provide chances to foreign investors. [5,1] Reforms are showing a growth with a normal place as a result of the global crisis and the diversity of views on the issues, even with the congress party itself. Plans to improve the tax system, create a self dependent debt management system and to a small extent privatisation of government owned firms are being taken into consideration and are proposal. Recent performance: There was a growth of 6.2% y/y in the GDP for Q2-09 (through it is less than the predicted one) with an increase of 5.8% in Q1-09. Grown was reduced to 7.4% for 2008 and is expected to continue the same pattern for the next few quarters. Growth in the first half of the year came on the side of high government prediction spending and stimulus spending. But less monsoon rainfall this year will reduce growth aspects. Industrial growth in the production is at 10.4% y/y in August at a tremendous state since October 2007, largely on the side of government mode of operation and inventory backing.[5,7,9] Fiscal Policy: The budget for the FY09/10 coming year is estimated that the reduction of the deflect to 6.8% of GDP from 6.0% the last year and the tax revenues getting worsened to 10.9% of GDP from 11.6%. Total investment of the central government is to grown to 17.4% of GDP on the things due to increased subsidies and for providing more opportunities on welfare and employment programs especially in rural areas to increase demand and growth trajectory. The period given to small farmers to repay their dues under the debt waiver and debt cancellation schemes has been increased up to the year end. More money is expected to be deposited into the National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme which gives assurance that each rural family works 100days on public sector projects. Fiscal consolidation is to be given up for small term improvement and is to be gained in the medium long term. The budget does not include important reforms which are significant for private business and foreign investment.[1,3 5] Monetary Policy: The Reserve Bank of India is likely to take the control of more monetary losses since October 2008 and to hold the repo rate as well as the reverse repo rate at 47.5% and 3.25% respectively in tis October meeting. The case reverse necessity can be increased once the liquidity conditions have become better. Lower policy rates are step by step converting into lower commercial rank landing rates, but the business is being more careful about the giving and taking. Large energy prices earlier in 2008 had pushed the government to maximize retail fuel prices, making the Wholesale Price Induse(WPI), the RBIs target indicator for inflation, nearly to 12% in July 2008. The external sector: 2008 saw maximum trade downfalls due to the increase in the oil prices. At the same time the plunge in the commodity prices failed to make it a substantial current account profits in 2008 due to negative export performance and value of rupee decreased to a maximum extent. The considerable reduction in imports in 2009 motivated to an growth in the current account deflect in Q1-09 after a large extent of downfall in the last three quarters of 2008. The overall Balance of Payment(BOP) figures for H1-08 showed a addition; but by H2-08 it became a negative.[6,1,2] H1-09 BOP balance is now once again in showing improvement due to a firming on the capital account side but the current account side was worsened in Q2-09. Foreign reserves, though are of considerable amounts have been tightened in the past months, but have raised again in July up to USD 261 billion and showing over 9.4% months of current account debit cover. The external debt is a tiny one at 18.7% of GDP providing a solution. The rupee value dropping in 2008, have brought loss of 20.7% against the USD, but in 2009 it coped up when compared to the lost value worth.[1,2] Changes of Policies in 1991: In July 1991, India has observed some important reforms comprising of certain de-reputation of industrial sector as well as liberalisation of FDI and imports. The important conditions taken in this policy alternation were: Cancellation of industrial licensing in all organisations with exceptions like security-concerned and strategic areas. Enhancement of capacity facilitates the market necessities for the running industries. Nullify the rules on investments by MRTP and FERA industries. Approving normally for foreign investment below or equal to fifty one percent of the equity under consideration of high technology and high investment priority industries and liberalisation of capital market. While implementing the practice of mixed economy would continue, the new economic policies had placed a few hard alterations in government sector industries. Example: Minimizing the set of industries reserved for government sector from 17 to 8 and by December 2002 the set included only three sectors under the public sector units.[8, 10] Atomic energy Minerals mentioned in the atomic energy order, 1953. Railway transport. The number of fields according to which industrial licensing is necessary is reduced to fifteen, declaration of new policy renewal fund(NRF) in order to handle the worse state sector organisations; for converting them into more independent and accountable, along with which foreign investment upto fifteen percent is allowed without any restrictions and foreign technology allowance for 35 main industries. These types of policy changes had increased the argumentation in India among the supporters of liberalisation policy and one who doesnt support the policy. The argument is still on; however it was later changed slowly with time of almost a decade of policy introduction and the result in the performance was visible. [9,10] CHAPTER 3 FDI in China Introduction: Right from the start of economic policies and begin of foreign capital investment in 1979, China started getting a huge chunk of foreign investment flows. China has become the second largest FDI investment country in the world where United States occupied the first place and China has also secured the biggest host nation among the developing countries. Chinas position as a host nation of FDI can be termed equivalent to the developed country though it is a developing nation with the highest FDI inflow.[17] For twenty years (1979-1999), the actual FDI investments in China from 1979 to 1999 is nearly USD 306 billion, which is equivalent to ten percent of the global investment and thirty percent of the developing countries together. Chinese FDI investment pattern can be studied according to the alterations in the policy reforms- the first phase is from 1979- 1983, second phase is from 1984-1991. In the first phase only the Chinese government has set up four Special Economic Jones(SEZs) in Guangdon and Fujan provinces, and implemented new set of regulations with supporting capabilities for the FDI in these SEZs. Though the amount of FDI investments is limited it is mostly taken place in these SEZs.[17,18] Determination of FDI in China: According to the study FDI is basically categorized into two types: market oriented and export oriented FDI. According to the market oriented type of FDI the driving factors for promoting the FDI investments is the size and growth of the host nation. The export oriented FDI on the other hand mainly concentrated on the wealth competitiveness. There are some of the features which support both FDI which China is said to have are mentioned below.[17] Size and growth of the Chinese economy and policies. Distribution of FDI in China in the sectors of natural and sect oral and geographical. Human resource capabilities like cost and quality of labour. Infrastructure interms of physical, economical and technology. Willingness to trade internationally and its channels to foreign markets. Introduction of regularity principals and economic policy coherence. Investment security and promotion. Capital Availability: By the early 2000s, China had outnumbered United States with a more number of investments globally. FDI is a technique in which a non-local investor is interested investing in a local location. The investments of FDI into China can be counted on the basis of the global capital markets presence at that time and normal economic environment at that particular time. [13] A challenging global economy, capital markets and business situation at that time implement options of creating huge chuncks of investment capital that exceeds the amount of good ideas of local investment can result in the institutional, organisational and individual investors to invest in the growing and developing markets of the world. Competitiveness: Chinas welcoming nature as a perfect host of foreign investment capital lies on its enhancement of infrastructure, resource opportunities like(physical and labour), quality and working abilities and the development of the managerial vale chain. The high degree obviously make China as a perfect host of FDI when compared to other countries, like India which strive for its success in attaining the same investment capital. A growing and developing nation requires good standards of infrastructure and resources in order to promote its sale of goods and services. [13] Less transaction charges, due to the good standard of the aspects, helps investors to earn returns on these investments as their organisations are able to make benefits roads, highways, bridges and other ways of physical infrastructure, must be present runned and should be more secure for the transportation of the goods and also for the commutation of the workers. Another aspect for being a perfect FDI involves the availability of desired labour, who have the required aptitudes, experience and perfectness to create , manufacture and provide goods and services that can be seleld in the growing markets. Regulatory environment: When a national government acts into scene by implementing rules and policies with an objective at favouring state entities at the cost of privately running firms, such an environment can be detrimental to initiatives that aim to attract FDI. Like these, the regulatory environment can enhance or become a downfall fro the foreign direct investment for China. Large amount of regulations tend to show the entrepreneur and commercial activities, as the management and labour must spend more quality of time to carry on with these rules and regulations. If an investor wants to start a manufacturing facility in China, excessive start up costs, loyal exposure and other difficulty compliance items may implement that investor to set up the facility anywhere the environment is more complaint to the industry. Other types of regulations which are must the compulsory joint venture partnership in which, along with the foreign investors, the state entity or local entity or local industry as a partner. A well established judicial system is favoured for the perfect FDI host. If a judicial system is centralized towards the locals who some time wants to practice some unfair, unethical and illegal means of business opuurtunities will also contribute to making China as a less choose destination.[17] Another regulatory technique which supports for a favourable investment is the governments implementation of investment activities by providing alluring financial breaks like the tax breaks, grants, cheap government promoters financial services then it can be more effective in enhancing the making of a business more benefitiable and within a short span of time. Stability: Political and economic stability can improve the state of the on flows of FDI. Stability means estimation of future and giving opportunities for organisations to attain better understanding of future markets. On the other hand constant social turnover are the constraints which are not favourable for a good progress of the investments. Economic instability can lead to the depreciation of the currency value due to hyper inflation. To promote FDI, natives/works as well as trading should have a considerable amount of respect towards Chinese low end rates. Violence, underground criminal running, blackmail, kidnaps and duplicate currency and products have all been the flaws in China that serve to reduce the efficiency of conducting trade activities. The justice system should also follow best practices for eradication and elimination of these unfaithful activities for a better investment opportunities.[17,18] Local Chinese market and business climate: The most shining feature of China is the large size of its population and market, and the aspects of growth result from this size. The ability of organisations- backed by foreign investment to sell to a considerable amount of local market makes China as an attractive destination for FDI. As the Chinese economy is showing a tremendous growth, high end industries, engineering, robotics, and luxury goods among others can step into Chinese market as a large scale investors because of its perfect local conditions, resources and other FDI chances are enhanced growth and FDI can begin a success domino effect. The more foreign investment in the regions the more will be its growth. If the growth of a particular location is in a good progress to more investors will be willing to make FDI inflows. This point gains the benefits of the Chinas sizeable market, which represents growth oppurtuniteis in the present and growing commercial business. The higher the FDI inflows into the nation, the more the economic growth, forming a cycle of economic growth.[14,18] Openness to regional and international trade: Open nature of the business market helps in enhancing the promotion of FDI hosts. The main important thing to be taken into consideration is the business capability to promote its products and services to both local and international markets. Is the Chinese based organisations have restricted or less trading activities to foreign customers to be taken into consideration the United States, Western Europe, Japan and others tehn the local market may not able to accomplish a single investment in money and energy. Trade restrictions such as tariffs are genrally considered as less motivated options by other nations. An American product which is having high price while being marketed in China is of no demand in the local market due to the unnaturally raised price, such actions normally rise the tariffs of such local Chinese product in contrast with the US products and in certain cases, an outright ban on certain goods and services.[15] Export-friendly policies, normally will play a major role in determining whether to invest in China, especially for organisation which have large chuncks of investments in other local markets. For enhancing economic policies and growth, it is necessary to initiate business-friendly system, and international free trade agreements are needed to be implemented by market developing governments. The impact of FDI on Chinas international trade: Right from 1980, Chinas foreign trade has shown an tremendous growth. In the period of 1980 and 1998, its share in the world trade has rised to three percent from the base value of one percent. The Chinas economy free flowness can be measured by the ratio of foreign trade to GDP addition from twelve percent to thirty four percent. It is evident that the FDI has been the main aspect which enhanced the improved Chinas entrance in the international sector of the production process known as globalisation. The conclusions can be derived from the below state empirical evidences. Chinas comparative advantages: As estimated by economic theory, Chinas main structural strengths in international trade have been focused in a small definitive number of labour intensive manufacturing products leather and shoes, dress materials and some other manufactured products (like, sports items, toys). Its main structural drawback lies in investment and technology intensive goods; machinery, turbines, textile raw materials and plastics. Ten sectors in which China had excelled had resulted in a total of sixty eight percent of Chinas exports and ten sectors in which China has fallbacks resulted in a total of 42 percent of Chinese imports.[15] This present a brief about the differences that exist in policy making with Chinas foreign trading partners ( the EU-15, the United States, Japan) and the four developing individualized economies (Hong-Kong, Taiwan, south Korea and Singapore) and the presence of big inter-sectarian complementary. In the same channel, China had an excellent net export in the labour based products both in its business with Asia and the rest of the world. Chinas specialisation policies have never been introduced. Its excellence in some of the more basic sectors (clothing and knitwear, carpets) was turned off in the nineties, while new comparative benefits evolved and other were vanished. In particular China had introduced new comparative benefits in computer tools, consumer electronics and electrical appliances and home used electrical apparatus though there was excellent growth in exports. At that moment it had given up its comparative benefit in three sectors, out of which crude and refined oil are same. These turnovers in the specialisation also emerged the Chinas position in world trade. While in 1997 China still continued to hold the biggest market chuncks in the most tremendously growing world markets like tele communication devices, computer devices and electrical appliances and tools. [17] A Comparatative analysis China and India in a context of composition of GDP: There is scepticism about the China that has the business structure of a developing nation. The inter sectored business specialisations were more strongly established when compared to other developing Asian nations. This can be credited to the Chinas wide extent and big resources of cheap labour which helps it in having a continuous enlargement of labour specific exports. The Analysis of the IMPACT of FDI on Chinas structure: Chinas policy is so attain export-related FDI which is interested in its enhancement has gained a excellent success. It has allowed it to construct on international level of manufacturing sector, which is highly capable to meet the world markets. There was no effect on this export-related and impo